View source for 4cq9


==Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in complex with IDI-6253==
<StructureSection load='4cq9' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4cq9]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.72&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4cq9]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum Plasmodium falciparum]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4CQ9 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4CQ9 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.72&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FMN:FLAVIN+MONONUCLEOTIDE'>FMN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ORO:OROTIC+ACID'>ORO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=XBL:6-(3,4-DIHYDROISOQUINOLIN-2(1H)-YL)-3-METHYL-[1,2,4]TRIAZOLO[3,4-A]PHTHALAZINE'>XBL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4cq9 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4cq9 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4cq9 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4cq9 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4cq9 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4cq9 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PYRD_PLAF7 PYRD_PLAF7] Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor.
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Malaria is a preventable and treatable disease, yet half of the world's population lives at risk of infection and an estimated 660,000 people die of malaria-related causes every year. Rising drug resistance threatens to make malaria untreatable, necessitating both the discovery of new antimalarial agents and the development of strategies to identify and suppress the emergence and spread of drug resistance. We focused on in-development dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors. Characterizing resistance pathways for antimalarial agents not yet in clinical use will increase our understanding of the potential for resistance. We identified resistance mechanisms of PfDHODH inhibitors via in vitro resistance selections. We found eleven point mutations in the PfDHODH target. Target gene amplification and unknown mechanisms also contributed to resistance, albeit to a lesser extent. These mutant parasites were often hypersensitive to other PfDHODH inhibitors, which immediately suggested a novel combination therapy approach to preventing resistance. Indeed, a combination of wild-type and mutant-type selective inhibitors led to resistance far less often than either drug alone. The effects of point mutations in PfDHODH were corroborated with purified recombinant wild-type and mutant-type PfDHODH proteins, which showed the same trends in drug response as the cognate cell lines. Comparative growth assays demonstrated that two mutant parasites grew less robustly than their wild-type parent, and the purified protein of those mutants showed a decrease in catalytic efficiency, thereby suggesting a reason for the diminished growth rate. Co-crystallography of PfDHODH with three inhibitors suggested that hydrophobic interactions are important for drug binding and selectivity.

In Vitro Resistance Selections for Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors give Mutants with Multiple Point Mutations in the Drug-Binding Site and Altered Growth.,Ross LS, Javier Gamo F, Lafuente-Monasterio MJ, Singh OM, Rowland P, Wiegand RC, Wirth DF J Biol Chem. 2014 Apr 29. PMID:24782313<ref>PMID:24782313</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4cq9" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 3D structures|Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Plasmodium falciparum]]
[[Category: Rowland P]]