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==Structure of human aldosterone synthase, CYP11B2, in complex with deoxycorticosterone==
<StructureSection load='4dvq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4dvq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.49&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4dvq]] is a 12 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4DVQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4DVQ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.49&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=1CA:DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE'>1CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4dvq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4dvq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4dvq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4dvq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4dvq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4dvq ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C11B2_HUMAN C11B2_HUMAN] Familial hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism type 1;Familial hyperaldosteronism type I. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The molecular defect causing hyperaldosteronism familial 1 is an anti-Lepore-type fusion of the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 genes. The hybrid gene has the promoting part of CYP11B1, ACTH-sensitive, and the coding part of CYP11B2.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C11B2_HUMAN C11B2_HUMAN] Preferentially catalyzes the conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone via corticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone.<ref>PMID:23322723</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Aldosterone is a major mineralocorticoid hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Excess aldosterone levels can arise from dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and are implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and heart failure. Aldosterone synthase (cytochrome P450 11B2, CYP11B2) is the sole enzyme responsible for the production of aldosterone in humans. Blocking of aldosterone synthesis by mediating aldosterone synthase activity is thus a recently emerging pharmacological therapy for hypertension, yet a lack of structural information has limited this approach. Here, we present the crystal structures of human aldosterone synthase in complex with a substrate deoxycorticosterone and an inhibitor fadrozole. The structures reveal a hydrophobic cavity with specific features associated with corticosteroid recognition. The substrate binding mode, along with biochemical data, explains the high 11beta-hydroxylase activity of aldosterone synthase toward both gluco- and mineralocorticoid formation. The low processivity of aldosterone synthase with a high extent of intermediates release might be one of the mechanisms of controlled aldosterone production from deoxycorticosterone. Although the active site pocket is lined by identical residues between CYP11B isoforms, most of the divergent residues that confer additional 18-oxidase activity of aldosterone synthase are located in the I-helix (vicinity of the O(2) activation path) and loops around the H-helix (affecting an egress channel closure required for retaining intermediates in the active site). This intrinsic flexibility is also reflected in isoform-selective inhibitor binding. Fadrozole binds to aldosterone synthase in the R-configuration, using part of the active site cavity pointing toward the egress channel. The structural organization of aldosterone synthase provides critical insights into the molecular mechanism of catalysis and enables rational design of more specific antihypertensive agents.

Structural insights into aldosterone synthase substrate specificity and targeted inhibition.,Strushkevich N, Gilep AA, Shen L, Arrowsmith CH, Edwards AM, Usanov SA, Park HW Mol Endocrinol. 2013 Feb;27(2):315-24. doi: 10.1210/me.2012-1287. Epub 2013 Jan, 15. PMID:23322723<ref>PMID:23322723</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4dvq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cytochrome P450 3D structures|Cytochrome P450 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Arrowsmith C]]
[[Category: Edwards A]]
[[Category: Park H-W]]
[[Category: Shen L]]
[[Category: Strushkevich N]]
[[Category: Tempel W]]
[[Category: Usanov SA]]