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==Structure of the cleavage-activated prefusion form of the parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) fusion protein==
<StructureSection load='4gip' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4gip]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4gip]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simian_virus_5_(strain_W3) Simian virus 5 (strain W3)]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4GIP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4GIP FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4gip FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4gip OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4gip PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4gip RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4gip PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4gip ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FUS_PIV5 FUS_PIV5] Class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and plasma cell membrane fusion, the heptad repeat (HR) regions assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and plasma cell membranes. Directs fusion of viral and cellular membranes leading to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm. This fusion is pH independent and occurs directly at the outer cell membrane. The trimer of F1-F2 (F protein) probably interacts with HN at the virion surface. Upon HN binding to its cellular receptor, the hydrophobic fusion peptide is unmasked and interacts with the cellular membrane, inducing the fusion between cell and virion membranes. Later in infection, F proteins expressed at the plasma membrane of infected cells could mediate fusion with adjacent cells to form syncytia, a cytopathic effect that could lead to tissue necrosis (By similarity).
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The paramyxovirus parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) enters cells by fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane through the concerted action of the fusion (F) protein and the receptor binding protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. The F protein folds initially to form a trimeric metastable prefusion form that is triggered to undergo large-scale irreversible conformational changes to form the trimeric postfusion conformation. It is thought that F refolding couples the energy released with membrane fusion. The F protein is synthesized as a precursor (F0) that must be cleaved by a host protease to form a biologically active molecule, F1,F2. Cleavage of F protein is a prerequisite for fusion and virus infectivity. Cleavage creates a new N terminus on F1 that contains a hydrophobic region, known as the FP, which intercalates target membranes during F protein refolding. The crystal structure of the soluble ectodomain of the uncleaved form of PIV5 F is known; here we report the crystal structure of the cleavage-activated prefusion form of PIV5 F. The structure shows minimal movement of the residues adjacent to the protease cleavage site. Most of the hydrophobic FP residues are buried in the uncleaved F protein, and only F103 at the newly created N terminus becomes more solvent-accessible after cleavage. The conformational freedom of the charged arginine residues that compose the protease recognition site increases on cleavage of F protein.

Structure of the cleavage-activated prefusion form of the parainfluenza virus 5 fusion protein.,Welch BD, Liu Y, Kors CA, Leser GP, Jardetzky TS, Lamb RA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 9;109(41):16672-7. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1213802109. Epub 2012 Sep 10. PMID:23012473<ref>PMID:23012473</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Jardetzky TS]]
[[Category: Kors CA]]
[[Category: Lamb RA]]
[[Category: Leser GP]]
[[Category: Liu Y]]
[[Category: Welch BD]]