View source for 4mkc


==Crystal Structure of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Complexed with LDK378==
<StructureSection load='4mkc' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4mkc]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.01&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4mkc]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4MKC OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4MKC FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.01&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=4MK:5-CHLORO-N~2~-[5-METHYL-4-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)-2-(PROPAN-2-YLOXY)PHENYL]-N~4~-[2-(PROPAN-2-YLSULFONYL)PHENYL]PYRIMIDINE-2,4-DIAMINE'>4MK</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4mkc FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4mkc OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4mkc PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4mkc RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4mkc PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4mkc ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALK_HUMAN ALK_HUMAN] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is found in a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) with NPM1. The resulting chimeric NPM1-ALK protein homodimerize and the kinase becomes constitutively activated. The constitutively active fusion proteins are responsible for 5-10% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.  Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is associated with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). Translocation t(2;11)(p23;p15) with CARS; translocation t(2;4)(p23;q21) with SEC31A.  Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is associated with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Translocation t(2;17)(p23;q25) with ALO17.  Defects in ALK are the cause of susceptibility to neuroblastoma type 3 (NBLST3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613014 613014]. Neuroblastoma is a common neoplasm of early childhood arising from embryonic cells that form the primitive neural crest and give rise to the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system.<ref>PMID:18724359</ref> <ref>PMID:18923523</ref> <ref>PMID:18923525</ref>   Note=The ALK signaling pathway plays an important role in glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of adults and one of the most lethal cancers. It regulates both glioblastoma migration and growth.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALK_HUMAN ALK_HUMAN] Neuronal orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that is essentially and transiently expressed in specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and plays an important role in the genesis and differentiation of the nervous system. Transduces signals from ligands at the cell surface, through specific activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Phosphorylates almost exclusively at the first tyrosine of the Y-x-x-x-Y-Y motif. Following activation by ligand, ALK induces tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL, FRS2, IRS1 and SHC1, as well as of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1. Acts as a receptor for ligands pleiotrophin (PTN), a secreted growth factor, and midkine (MDK), a PTN-related factor, thus participating in PTN and MDK signal transduction. PTN-binding induces MAPK pathway activation, which is important for the anti-apoptotic signaling of PTN and regulation of cell proliferation. MDK-binding induces phosphorylation of the ALK target insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PI3-kinase, resulting also in cell proliferation induction. Drives NF-kappa-B activation, probably through IRS1 and the activation of the AKT serine/threonine kinase. Recruitment of IRS1 to activated ALK and the activation of NF-kappa-B are essential for the autocrine growth and survival signaling of MDK.<ref>PMID:11387242</ref> <ref>PMID:11121404</ref> <ref>PMID:11278720</ref> <ref>PMID:11809760</ref> <ref>PMID:12107166</ref> <ref>PMID:12122009</ref> <ref>PMID:15226403</ref> <ref>PMID:15908427</ref> <ref>PMID:16317043</ref> <ref>PMID:17274988</ref> <ref>PMID:16878150</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements invariably develop resistance to the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) crizotinib. Herein, we report the first preclinical evaluation of the next-generation ALK TKI, ceritinib (LDK378) in the setting of crizotinib resistance. Interrogation of in vitro and in vivo models of acquired resistance to crizotinib, including cell lines established from biopsies of crizotinib-resistant NSCLC patients revealed that ceritinib potently overcomes crizotinib resistance mutations. In particular, ceritinib effectively inhibits ALK harboring L1196M, G1269A, I1171T and S1206Y mutations, and a co-crystal of ceritinib bound to ALK provides structural bases for this increased potency. However, we observed that ceritinib did not overcome two crizotinib-resistant ALK mutations, G1202R and F1174C, and one of these mutations were identified in 5 out of 11 biopsies from patients with acquired resistance to ceritinib. Altogether our results demonstrate that ceritinib can overcome crizotinib resistance, consistent with clinical data showing marked efficacy of ceritinib in patients with crizotinib-resistant disease.

The ALK inhibitor ceritinib overcomes crizotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.,Friboulet L, Li N, Katayama R, Lee CC, Gainor JF, Crystal AS, Michellys PY, Awad MM, Yanagitani N, Kim S, Pferdekamper AC, Li J, Kasibhatla S, Sun F, Sun X, Hua S, McNamara P, Mahmood S, Lockerman EL, Fujita N, Nishio M, Harris JL, Shaw AT, Engelman JA Cancer Discov. 2014 Mar 27. PMID:24675041<ref>PMID:24675041</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4mkc" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Tyrosine kinase 3D structures|Tyrosine kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Lee CC]]
[[Category: Spraggon G]]