View source for 4mnq


==TCR-peptide specificity overrides affinity enhancing TCR-MHC interactions==
<StructureSection load='4mnq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4mnq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.74&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4mnq]] is a 5 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_troglodytes Pan troglodytes]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4MNQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4MNQ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4mnq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4mnq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4mnq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4mnq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4mnq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4mnq ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HLAA_HUMAN HLAA_HUMAN] Selection of immunotherapy in solid cancer;Birdshot chorioretinopathy;Prediction of phenytoin or carbamazepine toxicity. Alleles A*02:01 and A*24:02 are associated with increased susceptibility to diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent (IDDM) (PubMed:22245737, PubMed:18802479, PubMed:16731854, PubMed:22522618). In a glucose-dependent way, allele A*02:01 may aberrantly present the signal peptide of preproinsulin (ALWGPDPAAA) on the surface of pancreatic beta cells to autoreactive CD8-positive T cells, potentially driving T-cell mediated cytotoxicity in pancreatic islets (PubMed:22245737, PubMed:18802479). Allele A*24:02 may present the signal peptide of preproinsulin (LWMRLLPLL) and contribute to acute pancreatic beta-cell destruction and early onset of IDDM (PubMed:16731854, PubMed:22522618).<ref>PMID:16731854</ref> <ref>PMID:18802479</ref> <ref>PMID:22245737</ref> <ref>PMID:22522618</ref>   Allele A*03:01 is associated with increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (PubMed:10746785). May contribute to the initiation phase of the disease by presenting myelin PLP1 self-peptide (KLIETYFSK) to autoreactive CD8-positive T cells capable of initiating the first autoimmune attacks (PubMed:18953350).<ref>PMID:10746785</ref> <ref>PMID:18953350</ref>   Allele A*26:01 is associated with increased susceptibility to Behcet disease (BD) in the Northeast Asian population. Especially in the HLA-B*51-negative BD populations, HLA-A*26 is significantly associated with the onset of BD.<ref>PMID:30872678</ref>   Allele A*29:02 is associated with increased susceptibility to birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR). May aberrantly present retinal autoantigens and induce autoimmune uveitis.<ref>PMID:1728143</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HLAA_HUMAN HLAA_HUMAN] Antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule. In complex with B2M/beta 2 microglobulin displays primarily viral and tumor-derived peptides on antigen-presenting cells for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-A-restricted CD8-positive T cells, guiding antigen-specific T cell immune response to eliminate infected or transformed cells (PubMed:2456340, PubMed:2784196, PubMed:1402688, PubMed:7504010, PubMed:9862734, PubMed:10449296, PubMed:12138174, PubMed:12393434, PubMed:15893615, PubMed:17189421, PubMed:19543285, PubMed:21498667, PubMed:24192765, PubMed:7694806, PubMed:24395804, PubMed:28250417). May also present self-peptides derived from the signal sequence of secreted or membrane proteins, although T cells specific for these peptides are usually inactivated to prevent autoreactivity (PubMed:25880248, PubMed:7506728, PubMed:7679507). Both the peptide and the MHC molecule are recognized by TCR, the peptide is responsible for the fine specificity of antigen recognition and MHC residues account for the MHC restriction of T cells (PubMed:12796775, PubMed:18275829, PubMed:19542454, PubMed:28250417). Typically presents intracellular peptide antigens of 8 to 13 amino acids that arise from cytosolic proteolysis via IFNG-induced immunoproteasome or via endopeptidase IDE/insulin-degrading enzyme (PubMed:17189421, PubMed:20364150, PubMed:17079320, PubMed:26929325, PubMed:27049119). Can bind different peptides containing allele-specific binding motifs, which are mainly defined by anchor residues at position 2 and 9 (PubMed:7504010, PubMed:9862734).<ref>PMID:10449296</ref> <ref>PMID:12138174</ref> <ref>PMID:12393434</ref> <ref>PMID:12796775</ref> <ref>PMID:1402688</ref> <ref>PMID:15893615</ref> <ref>PMID:17079320</ref> <ref>PMID:17189421</ref> <ref>PMID:18275829</ref> <ref>PMID:19542454</ref> <ref>PMID:19543285</ref> <ref>PMID:20364150</ref> <ref>PMID:21498667</ref> <ref>PMID:24192765</ref> <ref>PMID:24395804</ref> <ref>PMID:2456340</ref> <ref>PMID:25880248</ref> <ref>PMID:26929325</ref> <ref>PMID:27049119</ref> <ref>PMID:2784196</ref> <ref>PMID:28250417</ref> <ref>PMID:7504010</ref> <ref>PMID:7506728</ref> <ref>PMID:7679507</ref> <ref>PMID:7694806</ref> <ref>PMID:9862734</ref>   Allele A*01:01: Presents a restricted peptide repertoire including viral epitopes derived from IAV NP/nucleoprotein (CTELKLSDY), IAV PB1/polymerase basic protein 1 (VSDGGPNLY), HAdV-11 capsid L3/hexon protein (LTDLGQNLLY), SARS-CoV-2 3a/ORF3a (FTSDYYQLY) as well as tumor peptide antigens including MAGE1 (EADPTGHSY), MAGEA3 (EVDPIGHLY) and WT1 (TSEKRPFMCAY), all having in common a canonical motif with a negatively charged Asp or Glu residue at position 3 and a Tyr anchor residue at the C-terminus (PubMed:1402688, PubMed:7504010, PubMed:17189421, PubMed:20364150, PubMed:25880248, PubMed:30530481, PubMed:19177349, PubMed:24395804, PubMed:26758806, PubMed:32887977). A number of HLA-A*01:01-restricted peptides carry a post-translational modification with oxidation and N-terminal acetylation being the most frequent (PubMed:25880248). Fails to present highly immunogenic peptides from the EBV latent antigens (PubMed:18779413).<ref>PMID:1402688</ref> <ref>PMID:17189421</ref> <ref>PMID:18779413</ref> <ref>PMID:19177349</ref> <ref>PMID:20364150</ref> <ref>PMID:24395804</ref> <ref>PMID:25880248</ref> <ref>PMID:26758806</ref> <ref>PMID:30530481</ref> <ref>PMID:7504010</ref>   Allele A*02:01: A major allele in human populations, presents immunodominant viral epitopes derived from IAV M/matrix protein 1 (GILGFVFTL), HIV-1 env (TLTSCNTSV), HIV-1 gag-pol (ILKEPVHGV), HTLV-1 Tax (LLFGYPVYV), HBV C/core antigen (FLPSDFFPS), HCMV UL83/pp65 (NLVPMVATV) as well as tumor peptide antigens including MAGEA4 (GVYDGREHTV), WT1 (RMFPNAPYL) and CTAG1A/NY-ESO-1 (SLLMWITQC), all having in common hydrophobic amino acids at position 2 and at the C-terminal anchors.<ref>PMID:11502003</ref> <ref>PMID:12138174</ref> <ref>PMID:12796775</ref> <ref>PMID:17079320</ref> <ref>PMID:18275829</ref> <ref>PMID:19542454</ref> <ref>PMID:20619457</ref> <ref>PMID:22245737</ref> <ref>PMID:26929325</ref> <ref>PMID:2784196</ref> <ref>PMID:28250417</ref> <ref>PMID:7694806</ref> <ref>PMID:7935798</ref> <ref>PMID:8630735</ref> <ref>PMID:8805302</ref> <ref>PMID:8906788</ref> <ref>PMID:9177355</ref>   Allele A*03:01: Presents viral epitopes derived from IAV NP (ILRGSVAHK), HIV-1 nef (QVPLRPMTYK), HIV-1 gag-pol (AIFQSSMTK), SARS-CoV-2 N/nucleoprotein (KTFPPTEPK) as well as tumor peptide antigens including PMEL (LIYRRRLMK), NODAL (HAYIQSLLK), TRP-2 (RMYNMVPFF), all having in common hydrophobic amino acids at position 2 and Lys or Arg anchor residues at the C-terminus (PubMed:7504010, PubMed:7679507, PubMed:9862734, PubMed:19543285, PubMed:21943705, PubMed:2456340, PubMed:32887977). May also display spliced peptides resulting from the ligation of two separate proteasomal cleavage products that are not contiguous in the parental protein (PubMed:27049119).<ref>PMID:19543285</ref> <ref>PMID:21943705</ref> <ref>PMID:2456340</ref> <ref>PMID:27049119</ref> <ref>PMID:7504010</ref> <ref>PMID:7679507</ref> <ref>PMID:9862734</ref>   Allele A*11:01: Presents several immunodominant epitopes derived from HIV-1 gag-pol and HHV-4 EBNA4, containing the peptide motif with Val, Ile, Thr, Leu, Tyr or Phe at position 2 and Lys anchor residue at the C-terminus. Important in the control of HIV-1, EBV and HBV infections (PubMed:10449296). Presents an immunodominant epitope derived from SARS-CoV-2 N/nucleoprotein (KTFPPTEPK) (PubMed:32887977).<ref>PMID:10449296</ref> <ref>PMID:32887977</ref>   Allele A*23:01: Interacts with natural killer (NK) cell receptor KIR3DL1 and may contribute to functional maturation of NK cells and self-nonself discrimination during innate immune response.<ref>PMID:17182537</ref>   Allele A*24:02: Presents viral epitopes derived from HIV-1 nef (RYPLTFGWCF), EBV lytic- and latent-cycle antigens BRLF1 (TYPVLEEMF), BMLF1 (DYNFVKQLF) and LMP2 (IYVLVMLVL), SARS-CoV nucleocapsid/N (QFKDNVILL), as well as tumor peptide antigens including PRAME (LYVDSLFFL), all sharing a common signature motif, namely an aromatic residue Tyr or Phe at position 2 and a nonhydrophobic anchor residue Phe, Leu or Iso at the C-terminus (PubMed:9047241, PubMed:12393434, PubMed:24192765, PubMed:20844028). Interacts with natural killer (NK) cell receptor KIR3DL1 and may contribute to functional maturation of NK cells and self-nonself discrimination during innate immune response (PubMed:17182537, PubMed:18502829).<ref>PMID:12393434</ref> <ref>PMID:17182537</ref> <ref>PMID:18502829</ref> <ref>PMID:20844028</ref> <ref>PMID:24192765</ref> <ref>PMID:9047241</ref>   Allele A*26:01: Presents several epitopes derived from HIV-1 gag-pol (EVIPMFSAL, ETKLGKAGY) and env (LVSDGGPNLY), carrying as anchor residues preferentially Glu at position 1, Val or Thr at position 2 and Tyr at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:15893615</ref>   Allele A*29:02: Presents peptides having a common motif, namely a Glu residue at position 2 and Tyr or Leu anchor residues at the C-terminus.<ref>PMID:8622959</ref>   Allele A*32:01: Interacts with natural killer (NK) cell receptor KIR3DL1 and may contribute to functional maturation of NK cells and self-nonself discrimination during innate immune response.<ref>PMID:17182537</ref>   Allele A*68:01: Presents viral epitopes derived from IAV NP (KTGGPIYKR) and HIV-1 tat (ITKGLGISYGR), having a common signature motif namely, Val or Thr at position 2 and positively charged residues Arg or Lys at the C-terminal anchor.<ref>PMID:1448153</ref> <ref>PMID:1448154</ref> <ref>PMID:2784196</ref>   Allele A*74:01: Presents immunodominant HIV-1 epitopes derived from gag-pol (GQMVHQAISPR, QIYPGIKVR) and rev (RQIHSISER), carrying an aliphatic residue at position 2 and Arg anchor residue at the C-terminus. May contribute to viral load control in chronic HIV-1 infection.<ref>PMID:21498667</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
alphabeta T-cell receptors (TCRs) engage antigens using complementarity determining region (CDR) loops that are either germline-encoded (CDR1&amp;2), or somatically-rearranged (CDR3). TCR ligands comprise a presentation platform (major histocompatibility complex; MHC) and a variable antigenic component consisting of a short foreign peptide. The sequence of events when the TCR engages its peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligand remains unclear. Some studies suggest that the germline elements of the TCR engage the MHC prior to peptide scanning but this order of binding is difficult to reconcile with some TCR-pMHC structures. Here, we use TCRs that exhibit enhanced pMHC binding as a result of mutations in either CDR2 and/or CDR3, that bind to the MHC or peptide respectively, to dissect the roles of these loops in stabilizing TCR-pMHC interactions. Our data show that TCR-peptide interactions play a strongly dominant energetic role providing a binding mode that is both temporally and energetically complementary with a system requiring positive selection by self-pMHC in the thymus and rapid recognition of non-self-pMHC in the periphery.

TCR-peptide specificity overrides affinity enhancing TCR-MHC interactions.,Cole DK, Miles KM, Madura F, Holland CJ, Schauenburg AJ, Godkin AJ, Bulek AM, Fuller A, Akpovwa HJ, Pymm PG, Liddy N, Sami M, Li Y, Rizkallah PJ, Jakobsen BK, Sewell AK J Biol Chem. 2013 Nov 6. PMID:24196962<ref>PMID:24196962</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4mnq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Beta-2 microglobulin 3D structures|Beta-2 microglobulin 3D structures]]
*[[Telomerase 3D structures|Telomerase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Pan troglodytes]]
[[Category: Cole DK]]
[[Category: Jakobsen BK]]
[[Category: Rizkallah PJ]]
[[Category: Sewell AK]]