View source for 4n28


==Crystal structure of Protein Arginine Deiminase 2 (1 mM Ca2+)==
<StructureSection load='4n28' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4n28]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.88&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4n28]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4N28 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4N28 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.879&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MPD:(4S)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL'>MPD</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4n28 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4n28 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4n28 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4n28 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4n28 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4n28 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PADI2_HUMAN PADI2_HUMAN] Catalyzes the deimination of arginine residues of proteins.
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) are calcium-dependent histone-modifying enzymes whose activity is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases and cancer. PAD2 functions as an Estrogen Receptor (ER) coactivator in breast cancer cells via the citrullination of histone tail arginine residues at ER binding sites. Although an attractive therapeutic target, the mechanisms that regulate PAD2 activity are largely unknown, especially the detailed role of how calcium facilitates enzyme activation. To gain insights into these regulatory processes, we determined the first structures of PAD2 (27 in total), and through calcium-titrations by X-ray crystallography, determined the order of binding and affinity for the six calcium ions that bind and activate this enzyme. These structures also identified several PAD2 regulatory elements, including a calcium switch that controls proper positioning of the catalytic cysteine residue, and a novel active site shielding mechanism. Additional biochemical and mass-spectrometry-based hydrogen/deuterium exchange studies support these structural findings. The identification of multiple intermediate calcium-bound structures along the PAD2 activation pathway provides critical insights that will aid the development of allosteric inhibitors targeting the PADs.

Protein Arginine Deiminase 2 Binds Calcium in an Ordered Fashion: Implications for Inhibitor Design.,Slade DJ, Fang P, Dreyton CJ, Zhang Y, Fuhrmann J, Rempel D, Bax BD, Coonrod SA, Lewis HD, Guo M, Gross ML, Thompson PR ACS Chem Biol. 2015 Jan 26. PMID:25621824<ref>PMID:25621824</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4n28" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Coonrod SA]]
[[Category: Dreyton CJ]]
[[Category: Fang P]]
[[Category: Gross ML]]
[[Category: Guo M]]
[[Category: Slade DJ]]
[[Category: Thompson PR]]
[[Category: Zhang X]]
[[Category: Zhang Y]]