View source for 4wqo


==Structure of VHL-EloB-EloC-Cul2==
<StructureSection load='4wqo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4wqo]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4wqo]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4WQO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4WQO FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4wqo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4wqo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4wqo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4wqo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4wqo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4wqo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VHL_HUMAN VHL_HUMAN] Defects in VHL are a cause of susceptibility to pheochromocytoma (PCC) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/171300 171300]. A catecholamine-producing tumor of chromaffin tissue of the adrenal medulla or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, is hypertension, which may be persistent or intermittent.  Defects in VHL are the cause of von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/193300 193300]. VHLD is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome characterized by the development of retinal angiomatosis, cerebellar and spinal hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), phaeochromocytoma and pancreatic tumors. VHL type 1 is without pheochromocytoma, type 2 is with pheochromocytoma. VHL type 2 is further subdivided into types 2A (pheochromocytoma, retinal angioma, and hemangioblastomas without renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cyst) and 2B (pheochromocytoma, retinal angioma, and hemangioblastomas with renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cyst). VHL type 2C refers to patients with isolated pheochromocytoma without hemangioblastoma or renal cell carcinoma. The estimated incidence is 3/100000 births per year and penetrance is 97% by age 60 years.<ref>PMID:10635329</ref> <ref>PMID:8493574</ref> <ref>PMID:7987306</ref> <ref>PMID:7728151</ref> <ref>PMID:8634692</ref> <ref>PMID:8592333</ref> <ref>PMID:8825918</ref> <ref>PMID:8730290</ref> <ref>PMID:8956040</ref> <ref>PMID:9452032</ref> <ref>PMID:9452106</ref> <ref>PMID:10627136</ref> <ref>PMID:9829911</ref> <ref>PMID:9829912</ref> [:]<ref>PMID:10533030</ref> <ref>PMID:10408776</ref> <ref>PMID:16502427</ref>   Defects in VHL are the cause of familial erythrocytosis type 2 (ECYT2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/263400 263400]; also called VHL-dependent polycythemia or Chuvash type polycythemia. ECYT2 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an increase in serum red blood cell mass, hypersensitivity of erythroid progenitors to erythropoietin, increased erythropoietin serum levels, and normal oxygen affinity. Patients with ECYT2 carry a high risk for peripheral thrombosis and cerebrovascular events.<ref>PMID:12844285</ref> <ref>PMID:12393546</ref>   Defects in VHL are a cause of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/144700 144700]. Renal cell carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the proximal renal tubular epithelium. It is subclassified into clear cell renal carcinoma (non-papillary carcinoma), papillary renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, collecting duct carcinoma with medullary carcinoma of the kidney, and unclassified renal cell carcinoma.<ref>PMID:11986208</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VHL_HUMAN VHL_HUMAN] Involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Seems to act as target recruitment subunit in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and recruits hydroxylated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) under normoxic conditions. Involved in transcriptional repression through interaction with HIF1A, HIF1AN and histone deacetylases. Ubiquitinates, in an oxygen-responsive manner, ADRB2.<ref>PMID:9751722</ref> <ref>PMID:10944113</ref> <ref>PMID:19584355</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (VHL) recruits a Cullin 2 (Cul2) E3 ubiquitin ligase to downregulate HIF-1alpha, an essential transcription factor for the hypoxia response. Mutations in VHL lead to VHL disease and renal cell carcinomas. Inhibition of this pathway to upregulate erythropoietin production is a promising new therapy to treat ischemia and chronic anemia. Here, we report the crystal structure of VHL bound to a Cul2 N-terminal domain, Elongin B, and Elongin C (EloC). Cul2 interacts with both the VHL BC box and cullin box and a novel EloC site. Comparison with other cullin E3 ligase structures shows that there is a conserved, yet flexible, cullin recognition module and that cullin selectivity is influenced by distinct electrostatic interactions. Our structure provides a structural basis for the study of the pathogenesis of VHL disease and rationale for the design of novel compounds that may modulate cullin-substrate receptor interactions.

Insights into Cullin-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Recruitment: Structure of the VHL-EloBC-Cul2 Complex.,Nguyen HC, Yang H, Fribourgh JL, Wolfe LS, Xiong Y Structure. 2015 Feb 3. pii: S0969-2126(14)00423-7. doi:, 10.1016/j.str.2014.12.014. PMID:25661653<ref>PMID:25661653</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 4wqo" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cullin 3D structures|Cullin 3D structures]]
*[[Elongation factor 3D structures|Elongation factor 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Nguyen HC]]
[[Category: Xiong Y]]