View source for 4wr3


==Y274F alanine racemase from E. coli==
<StructureSection load='4wr3' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4wr3]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4wr3]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Escherichia coli]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4WR3 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4WR3 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.9&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PLP:PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE'>PLP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4wr3 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4wr3 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4wr3 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4wr3 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4wr3 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4wr3 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALR1_ECOLI ALR1_ECOLI] Catalyzes the interconversion of L-alanine and D-alanine. Provides the D-alanine required for cell wall biosynthesis.<ref>PMID:18434499</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Enzymes that utilize the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate play essential roles in amino acid metabolism in all organisms. The cofactor is used by proteins that adopt at least five different folds, which raises questions about the evolutionary processes that might explain the observed distribution of functions among folds. In this study, we show that a representative of fold type III, the Escherichia coli alanine racemase (ALR), is a promiscuous cystathionine beta-lyase (CBL). Furthermore, E. coli CBL (fold type I) is a promiscuous alanine racemase. A single round of error-prone PCR and selection yielded variant ALR(Y274F), which catalyzes cystathionine beta-elimination with a near-native Michaelis constant (Km = 3.3 mm) but a poor turnover number (kcat approximately 10 h(-1)). In contrast, directed evolution also yielded CBL(P113S), which catalyzes l-alanine racemization with a poor Km (58 mm) but a high kcat (22 s(-1)). The structures of both variants were solved in the presence and absence of the l-alanine analogue, (R)-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid. As expected, the ALR active site was enlarged by the Y274F substitution, allowing better access for cystathionine. More surprisingly, the favorable kinetic parameters of CBL(P113S) appear to result from optimizing the pKa of Tyr-111, which acts as the catalytic acid during l-alanine racemization. Our data emphasize the short mutational routes between the functions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes, regardless of whether or not they share the same fold. Thus, they confound the prevailing model of enzyme evolution, which predicts that overlapping patterns of promiscuity result from sharing a common multifunctional ancestor.

Mechanistic and Evolutionary Insights from the Reciprocal Promiscuity of Two Pyridoxal Phosphate-dependent Enzymes.,Soo VW, Yosaatmadja Y, Squire CJ, Patrick WM J Biol Chem. 2016 Sep 16;291(38):19873-87. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.739557. Epub, 2016 Jul 29. PMID:27474741<ref>PMID:27474741</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4wr3" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Alanine racemase 3D structures|Alanine racemase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Escherichia coli]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Patrick WM]]
[[Category: Squire CJ]]
[[Category: Yosaatmadja Y]]