View source for 4x25


==Structural basis for mutation-induced destabilization of Profilin 1 in ALS==
<StructureSection load='4x25' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4x25]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.23&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4x25]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4X25 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4X25 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.23&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4x25 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4x25 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4x25 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4x25 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4x25 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4x25 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PROF1_HUMAN PROF1_HUMAN] Defects in PFN1 are the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 18 (ALS18) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614808 614808]. A neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. Sensory abnormalities are absent. The pathologic hallmarks of the disease include pallor of the corticospinal tract due to loss of motor neurons, presence of ubiquitin-positive inclusions within surviving motor neurons, and deposition of pathologic aggregates. The etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The disease is inherited in 5-10% of the cases.<ref>PMID:22801503</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PROF1_HUMAN PROF1_HUMAN] Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations. By binding to PIP2, it inhibits the formation of IP3 and DG. Inhibits androgen receptor (AR) and HTT aggregation and binding of G-actin is essential for its inhibition of AR.<ref>PMID:18573880</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, the pathological mechanism of PFN1 in this fatal disease is unknown. We demonstrate that ALS-linked mutations severely destabilize the native conformation of PFN1 in vitro and cause accelerated turnover of the PFN1 protein in cells. This mutation-induced destabilization can account for the high propensity of ALS-linked variants to aggregate and also provides rationale for their reported loss-of-function phenotypes in cell-based assays. The source of this destabilization is illuminated by the X-ray crystal structures of several PFN1 proteins, revealing an expanded cavity near the protein core of the destabilized M114T variant. In contrast, the E117G mutation only modestly perturbs the structure and stability of PFN1, an observation that reconciles the occurrence of this mutation in the control population. These findings suggest that a destabilized form of PFN1 underlies PFN1-mediated ALS pathogenesis.

Structural basis for mutation-induced destabilization of profilin 1 in ALS.,Boopathy S, Silvas TV, Tischbein M, Jansen S, Shandilya SM, Zitzewitz JA, Landers JE, Goode BL, Schiffer CA, Bosco DA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jun 8. pii: 201424108. PMID:26056300<ref>PMID:26056300</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4x25" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Profilin 3D Structures|Profilin 3D Structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Schiffer CA]]
[[Category: Shandilya SMD]]
[[Category: Silvas TV]]