View source for 4xxw


==Crystal structure of mouse Cadherin-23 EC1-2 and Protocadherin-15 EC1-2 splice variant==
<StructureSection load='4xxw' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4xxw]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.26&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4xxw]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4XXW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4XXW FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.261&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4xxw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4xxw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4xxw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4xxw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4xxw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4xxw ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PCD15_MOUSE PCD15_MOUSE] Defects in Pcdh15 are the cause of the Ames waltzer (av) phenotype. It is characterized by deafness and a balance disorder, associated with the degeneration of inner ear neuroepithelia.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PCD15_MOUSE PCD15_MOUSE] Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. Required for inner ear neuroepithelial cell elaboration and cochlear function. Probably involved in the maintenance of normal retinal function.
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Human hearing relies upon the tip-to-tip interaction of two nonclassical cadherins, protocadherin-15 (PCDH15) and cadherin-23 (CDH23). Together, these proteins form a filament called the tip link that connects neighboring stereocilia of mechanosensitive hair cells. As sound waves enter the cochlea, the stereocilia deflect and tension is applied to the tip link, opening nearby transduction channels. Disruption of the tip link by loud sound or calcium chelators eliminates transduction currents and illustrates that tip-link integrity is critical for mechanosensing. Tip-link remodeling after disruption is a dynamic process, which can lead to the formation of atypical complexes that incorporate alternatively spliced variants of PCDH15. These variants are categorized into six groups (N1-N6) based upon differences in the first two extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats. Here, we characterized the two N-terminal EC repeats of all PCDH15 variants (pcdh15(N1) to pcdh15(N6)) and combined these variants to test complex formation. We solved the crystal structure of a new complex composed of CDH23 EC1-2 (cdh23) and pcdh15(N2) at 2.3 A resolution and compared it to the canonical cdh23-pcdh15(N1) complex. While there were subtle structural differences, the binding affinity between cdh23 and pcdh15(N2) is approximately 6 times weaker than cdh23 and pcdh15(N1) as determined by surface plasmon resonance analysis. Steered molecular dynamics simulations predict that the unbinding force of the cdh23-pcdh15(N2) complex can be lower than the canonical tip link. Our results demonstrate that alternative heterophilic tip-link structures form stable protein-protein interactions in vitro and suggest that homophilic PCDH15-PCDH15 tip links form through the interaction of additional EC repeats.

Tuning Inner-Ear Tip-Link Affinity Through Alternatively Spliced Variants of Protocadherin-15.,Narui Y, Sotomayor M Biochemistry. 2018 Mar 20;57(11):1702-1710. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01075., Epub 2018 Mar 6. PMID:29443515<ref>PMID:29443515</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 4xxw" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cadherin 3D structures|Cadherin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mus musculus]]
[[Category: Narui Y]]
[[Category: Sotomayor M]]