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==Crystal structure of hemagglutinin of A/Chicken/Guangdong/S1311/2010 (H6N6)==
<StructureSection load='5bny' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5bny]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.66&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5bny]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_(A/chicken/Guangdong/S1311/2010(H6N6)) Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangdong/S1311/2010(H6N6))]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5BNY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5BNY FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.66&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PRD_900017:triacetyl-beta-chitotriose'>PRD_900017</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5bny FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5bny OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5bny PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5bny RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5bny PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5bny ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A067YZV9_9INFA A0A067YZV9_9INFA] Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization of about two third of the virus particles through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and about one third through a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.[RuleBase:RU003324]  Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization of about two third of the virus particles through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and about one third through a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore (By similarity).[SAAS:SAAS00204388]
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
In June 2013, the first human infection by avian influenza A(H6N1) virus was reported in Taiwan. This incident raised the concern for possible human epidemics and pandemics from H6 viruses. In this study, we performed structural and functional investigation on the hemagglutinin (HA) proteins of the human-infecting A/Taiwan/2/2013(H6N1) (TW H6) virus and an avian A/chicken/Guangdong/S1311/2010(H6N6) (GD H6) virus that transmitted efficiently in guinea pigs. Our results revealed that in the presence of HA1 Q226, the triad of HA1 S137, E190 and G228 in GD H6 HA allows the binding to both avian- and human-like receptors with a slight preference for avian receptors. Its conservation among the majority of H6 HAs provides an explanation for the broader host range of this subtype. Furthermore, the triad of N137, V190 and S228 in TW H6 HA may alleviate the requirement for a hydrophobic residue at HA1 226 of H2 and H3 HAs when binding to human-like receptors. Consequently, TW H6 HA has a slight preference for human receptors, thus may represent an intermediate towards a complete human adaptation. Importantly, the triad observed in TW H6 HA is detected in 74% H6 viruses isolated from Taiwan in the past 14 years, suggesting an elevated threat of H6 viruses from this region to human health. The novel roles of the triad at HA1 137, 190 and 228 of H6 HA in binding to receptors revealed here may also be used by other HA subtypes to achieve human adaptation, which needs to be further tested in laboratory and closely monitored in field surveillance.

Structural and Functional Studies of Influenza Virus A/H6 Hemagglutinin.,Ni F, Kondrashkina E, Wang Q PLoS One. 2015 Jul 30;10(7):e0134576. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134576., eCollection 2015. PMID:26226046<ref>PMID:26226046</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 5bny" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Hemagglutinin 3D structures|Hemagglutinin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Kondrashkina E]]
[[Category: Ni F]]
[[Category: Wang Q]]