View source for 5dfp


==Crystal structure of PAK1 in complex with an inhibitor compound FRAX1036==
<StructureSection load='5dfp' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5dfp]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5dfp]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5DFP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5DFP FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=59U:6-[2-CHLORO-4-(6-METHYLPYRAZIN-2-YL)PHENYL]-8-ETHYL-2-{[2-(1-METHYLPIPERIDIN-4-YL)ETHYL]AMINO}PYRIDO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-7(8H)-ONE'>59U</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DMS:DIMETHYL+SULFOXIDE'>DMS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TPO:PHOSPHOTHREONINE'>TPO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5dfp FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5dfp OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5dfp PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5dfp RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5dfp PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5dfp ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PAK1_HUMAN PAK1_HUMAN] Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby mediates activation of downstream MAP kinases. Involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, actin stress fibers and of focal adhesion complexes. Phosphorylates the tubulin chaperone TBCB and thereby plays a role in the regulation of microtubule biogenesis and organization of the tubulin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose levels. Part of a ternary complex that contains PAK1, DVL1 and MUSK that is important for MUSK-dependent regulation of AChR clustering during the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Activity is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis, potentially due to binding of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2. Phosphorylates MYL9/MLC2. Phosphorylates RAF1 at 'Ser-338' and 'Ser-339' resulting in: activation of RAF1, stimulation of RAF1 translocation to mitochondria, phosphorylation of BAD by RAF1, and RAF1 binding to BCL2.<ref>PMID:8805275</ref> <ref>PMID:9395435</ref> <ref>PMID:9032240</ref> <ref>PMID:9528787</ref> <ref>PMID:10551809</ref> <ref>PMID:11733498</ref> <ref>PMID:12624090</ref> <ref>PMID:12876277</ref> <ref>PMID:14585966</ref> <ref>PMID:15611088</ref> <ref>PMID:15831477</ref> <ref>PMID:16278681</ref> <ref>PMID:17726028</ref> <ref>PMID:17989089</ref> <ref>PMID:22669945</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Signaling pathways intersecting with the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) play important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. By recognizing that the limitations of FRAX1036 (1) were chiefly associated with the highly basic amine it contained, we devised a mitigation strategy to address several issues such as hERG activity. The 5-amino-1,3-dioxanyl moiety was identified as an effective means of reducing pK a and logP simultaneously. When positioned properly within the scaffold, this group conferred several benefits including potency, pharmacokinetics, and selectivity. Mouse xenograft PK/PD studies were carried out using an advanced compound, G-5555 (12), derived from this approach. These studies concluded that dose-dependent pathway modulation was achievable and paves the way for further in vivo investigations of PAK1 function in cancer and other diseases.

Design of Selective PAK1 Inhibitor G-5555: Improving Properties by Employing an Unorthodox Low-pK a Polar Moiety.,Ndubaku CO, Crawford JJ, Drobnick J, Aliagas I, Campbell D, Dong P, Dornan LM, Duron S, Epler J, Gazzard L, Heise CE, Hoeflich KP, Jakubiak D, La H, Lee W, Lin B, Lyssikatos JP, Maksimoska J, Marmorstein R, Murray LJ, O'Brien T, Oh A, Ramaswamy S, Wang W, Zhao X, Zhong Y, Blackwood E, Rudolph J ACS Med Chem Lett. 2015 Oct 31;6(12):1241-6. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00398., eCollection 2015 Dec 10. PMID:26713112<ref>PMID:26713112</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 5dfp" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures|Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Maksimoska J]]
[[Category: Marmorstein R]]
[[Category: Wang W]]