View source for 5hes


==Human leucine zipper- and sterile alpha motif-containing kinase (ZAK, MLT, HCCS-4, MRK, AZK, MLTK) in complex with vemurafenib==
<StructureSection load='5hes' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5hes]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.14&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5hes]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5HES OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5HES FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.14&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=032:N-(3-{[5-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-1H-PYRROLO[2,3-B]PYRIDIN-3-YL]CARBONYL}-2,4-DIFLUOROPHENYL)PROPANE-1-SULFONAMIDE'>032</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TPO:PHOSPHOTHREONINE'>TPO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5hes FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5hes OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5hes PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5hes RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5hes PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5hes ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/M3K20_HUMAN M3K20_HUMAN] Split-foot malformation-mesoaxial polydactyly syndrome;Congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathy. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/M3K20_HUMAN M3K20_HUMAN] Stress-activated component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade that promotes programmed cell death in response to various stress, such as ribosomal stress, osmotic shock and ionizing radiation (PubMed:10924358, PubMed:11836244, PubMed:12220515, PubMed:14521931, PubMed:15350844, PubMed:15737997, PubMed:18331592, PubMed:20559024, PubMed:26999302, PubMed:32289254, PubMed:32610081, PubMed:35857590). Acts by catalyzing phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinases, leading to activation of the JNK (MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2 and/or MAPK10/JNK3) and MAP kinase p38 (MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and/or MAPK14) pathways (PubMed:11042189, PubMed:11836244, PubMed:12220515, PubMed:14521931, PubMed:15172994, PubMed:15737997, PubMed:32289254, PubMed:32610081, PubMed:35857590). Activates JNK through phosphorylation of MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7, and MAP kinase p38 gamma (MAPK12) via phosphorylation of MAP2K3/MKK3 and MAP2K6/MKK6 (PubMed:11836244, PubMed:12220515). Involved in stress associated with adrenergic stimulation: contributes to cardiac decompensation during periods of acute cardiac stress (PubMed:15350844, PubMed:21224381, PubMed:27859413). May be involved in regulation of S and G2 cell cycle checkpoint by mediating phosphorylation of CHEK2 (PubMed:15342622).<ref>PMID:10924358</ref> <ref>PMID:11042189</ref> <ref>PMID:11836244</ref> <ref>PMID:12220515</ref> <ref>PMID:14521931</ref> <ref>PMID:15172994</ref> <ref>PMID:15342622</ref> <ref>PMID:15350844</ref> <ref>PMID:15737997</ref> <ref>PMID:18331592</ref> <ref>PMID:20559024</ref> <ref>PMID:21224381</ref> <ref>PMID:26999302</ref> <ref>PMID:27859413</ref> <ref>PMID:32289254</ref> <ref>PMID:32610081</ref> <ref>PMID:35857590</ref>   Key component of the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade in response to ribotoxic stress or UV-B irradiation (PubMed:32289254, PubMed:32610081, PubMed:35857590). Acts as the proximal sensor of ribosome collisions during the ribotoxic stress response (RSR): directly binds to the ribosome by inserting its flexible C-terminus into the ribosomal intersubunit space, thereby acting as a sentinel for colliding ribosomes (PubMed:32289254, PubMed:32610081). Upon ribosome collisions, activates either the stress-activated protein kinase signal transduction cascade or the integrated stress response (ISR), leading to programmed cell death or cell survival, respectively (PubMed:32610081). Dangerous levels of ribosome collisions trigger the autophosphorylation and activation of MAP3K20, which dissociates from colliding ribosomes and phosphorylates MAP kinase kinases, leading to activation of the JNK and MAP kinase p38 pathways that promote programmed cell death (PubMed:32289254, PubMed:32610081). Less dangerous levels of ribosome collisions trigger the integrated stress response (ISR): MAP3K20 activates EIF2AK4/GCN2 independently of its protein-kinase activity, promoting EIF2AK4/GCN2-mediated phosphorylation of EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha (PubMed:32610081). Also part of the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade triggering the NLRP1 inflammasome in response to UV-B irradiation: ribosome collisions activate MAP3K20, which directly phosphorylates NLRP1, leading to activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis (PubMed:35857590). NLRP1 is also phosphorylated by MAP kinase p38 downstream of MAP3K20 (PubMed:35857590). Also acts as a histone kinase by phosphorylating histone H3 at 'Ser-28' (H3S28ph) (PubMed:15684425).<ref>PMID:15684425</ref> <ref>PMID:32289254</ref> <ref>PMID:32610081</ref> <ref>PMID:35857590</ref>   Isoform that lacks the C-terminal region that mediates ribosome-binding: does not act as a sensor of ribosome collisions in response to ribotoxic stress (PubMed:32289254, PubMed:32610081, PubMed:35857590). May act as an antagonist of isoform ZAKalpha: interacts with isoform ZAKalpha, leading to decrease the expression of isoform ZAKalpha (PubMed:27859413).<ref>PMID:27859413</ref> <ref>PMID:32289254</ref> <ref>PMID:32610081</ref> <ref>PMID:35857590</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The mixed lineage kinase ZAK is a key regulator of the MAPK pathway mediating cell survival and inflammatory response. ZAK is targeted by several clinically approved kinase inhibitors, and inhibition of ZAK has been reported to protect from doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, unintended targeting of ZAK has been linked to severe adverse effects such as the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, both specific inhibitors of ZAK, as well as anticancer drugs lacking off-target activity against ZAK, may provide therapeutic benefit. Here, we report the first crystal structure of ZAK in complex with the B-RAF inhibitor vemurafenib. The cocrystal structure displayed a number of ZAK-specific features including a highly distorted P loop conformation enabling rational inhibitor design. Positional scanning peptide library analysis revealed a unique substrate specificity of the ZAK kinase including unprecedented preferences for histidine residues at positions -1 and +2 relative to the phosphoacceptor site. In addition, we screened a library of clinical kinase inhibitors identifying several inhibitors that potently inhibit ZAK, demonstrating that this kinase is commonly mistargeted by currently used anticancer drugs.

Structure of the Human Protein Kinase ZAK in Complex with Vemurafenib.,Mathea S, Abdul Azeez KR, Salah E, Tallant C, Wolfreys F, Konietzny R, Fischer R, Lou HJ, Brennan PE, Schnapp G, Pautsch A, Kessler BM, Turk BE, Knapp S ACS Chem Biol. 2016 Mar 31. PMID:26999302<ref>PMID:26999302</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5hes" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Abdul Azeez KR]]
[[Category: Arrowsmith CH]]
[[Category: Bountra C]]
[[Category: Burgess-Brown N]]
[[Category: Chaikuad A]]
[[Category: Edwards AM]]
[[Category: Elkins JM]]
[[Category: Knapp S]]
[[Category: Mathea S]]
[[Category: Salah E]]
[[Category: Shrestha B]]
[[Category: Shrestha L]]
[[Category: Sorrell FJ]]
[[Category: Szklarz M]]
[[Category: Tallant C]]
[[Category: Von Delft F]]