View source for 5ime


==Crystal structure of P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in complex with compound 9==
<StructureSection load='5ime' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5ime]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.22&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5ime]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5IME OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5IME FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.217&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=6BZ:8-(3-AMINOPROPYL)-6-[2-CHLORO-4-(3-METHYL-2-OXOPYRAZIN-1(2H)-YL)PHENYL]-2-(METHYLAMINO)PYRIDO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-7(8H)-ONE'>6BZ</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5ime FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5ime OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5ime PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5ime RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5ime PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5ime ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PAK1_HUMAN PAK1_HUMAN] Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby mediates activation of downstream MAP kinases. Involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, actin stress fibers and of focal adhesion complexes. Phosphorylates the tubulin chaperone TBCB and thereby plays a role in the regulation of microtubule biogenesis and organization of the tubulin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose levels. Part of a ternary complex that contains PAK1, DVL1 and MUSK that is important for MUSK-dependent regulation of AChR clustering during the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Activity is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis, potentially due to binding of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2. Phosphorylates MYL9/MLC2. Phosphorylates RAF1 at 'Ser-338' and 'Ser-339' resulting in: activation of RAF1, stimulation of RAF1 translocation to mitochondria, phosphorylation of BAD by RAF1, and RAF1 binding to BCL2.<ref>PMID:8805275</ref> <ref>PMID:9395435</ref> <ref>PMID:9032240</ref> <ref>PMID:9528787</ref> <ref>PMID:10551809</ref> <ref>PMID:11733498</ref> <ref>PMID:12624090</ref> <ref>PMID:12876277</ref> <ref>PMID:14585966</ref> <ref>PMID:15611088</ref> <ref>PMID:15831477</ref> <ref>PMID:16278681</ref> <ref>PMID:17726028</ref> <ref>PMID:17989089</ref> <ref>PMID:22669945</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) has an important role in transducing signals in several oncogenic pathways. The concept of inhibiting this kinase has garnered significant interest over the past decade, particularly for targeting cancers associated with PAK1 amplification. Animal studies with the selective group I PAK (pan-PAK1, 2, 3) inhibitor G-5555 from the pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one class uncovered acute toxicity with a narrow therapeutic window. To attempt mitigating the toxicity, we introduced significant structural changes, culminating in the discovery of the potent pyridone side chain analogue G-9791. Mouse tolerability studies with this compound, other members of this series, and compounds from two structurally distinct classes revealed persistent toxicity and a correlation of minimum toxic concentrations and PAK1/2 mediated cellular potencies. Broad screening of selected PAK inhibitors revealed PAK1, 2, and 3 as the only overlapping targets. Our data suggest acute cardiovascular toxicity resulting from the inhibition of PAK2, which may be enhanced by PAK1 inhibition, and cautions against continued pursuit of pan-group I PAK inhibitors in drug discovery.

Chemically Diverse Group I p21-Activated Kinase (PAK) Inhibitors Impart Acute Cardiovascular Toxicity with a Narrow Therapeutic Window.,Rudolph J, Murray LJ, Ndubaku CO, O'Brien T, Blackwood E, Wang W, Aliagas I, Gazzard L, Crawford JJ, Drobnick J, Lee W, Zhao X, Hoeflich KP, Favor DA, Dong P, Zhang H, Heise CE, Oh A, Ong CC, La H, Chakravarty P, Chan C, Jakubiak D, Epler J, Ramaswamy S, Vega R, Cain G, Diaz D, Zhong Y J Med Chem. 2016 May 24. PMID:27167326<ref>PMID:27167326</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5ime" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures|Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Li D]]
[[Category: Wang W]]