View source for 5mxx


==Crystal structure of human SR protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) in complex with compound 1==
<StructureSection load='5mxx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5mxx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.75&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5mxx]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5MXX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5MXX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.75&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TRS:2-AMINO-2-HYDROXYMETHYL-PROPANE-1,3-DIOL'>TRS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=W4A:5-METHYL-~{N}-[2-(4-METHYLPIPERAZIN-1-YL)-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL]FURAN-2-CARBOXAMIDE'>W4A</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5mxx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5mxx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5mxx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5mxx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5mxx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5mxx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SRPK1_HUMAN SRPK1_HUMAN] Serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinase which specifically phosphorylates its substrates at serine residues located in regions rich in arginine/serine dipeptides, known as RS domains and is involved in the phosphorylation of SR splicing factors and the regulation of splicing. Plays a central role in the regulatory network for splicing, controlling the intranuclear distribution of splicing factors in interphase cells and the reorganization of nuclear speckles during mitosis. Can influence additional steps of mRNA maturation, as well as other cellular activities, such as chromatin reorganization in somatic and sperm cells and cell cycle progression. Isoform 2 phosphorylates SFRS2, ZRSR2, LBR and PRM1. Isoform 2 phosphorylates SRSF1 using a directional (C-terminal to N-terminal) and a dual-track mechanism incorporating both processive phosphorylation (in which the kinase stays attached to the substrate after each round of phosphorylation) and distributive phosphorylation steps (in which the kinase and substrate dissociate after each phosphorylation event). The RS domain of SRSF1 binds first to a docking groove in the large lobe of the kinase domain of SRPK1. This induces certain structural changes in SRPK1 and/or RRM2 domain of SRSF1, allowing RRM2 to bind the kinase and initiate phosphorylation. The cycles continue for several phosphorylation steps in a processive manner (steps 1-8) until the last few phosphorylation steps (approximately steps 9-12). During that time, a mechanical stress induces the unfolding of the beta-4 motif in RRM2, which then docks at the docking groove of SRPK1. This also signals RRM2 to begin to dissociate, which facilitates SRSF1 dissociation after phosphorylation is completed. Isoform 2 can mediate hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein phosphorylation. It plays a negative role in the regulation of HBV replication through a mechanism not involving the phosphorylation of the core protein but by reducing the packaging efficiency of the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) without affecting the formation of the viral core particles. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 can induce splicing of exon 10 in MAPT/TAU. The ratio of isoform 1/isoform 2 plays a decisive role in determining cell fate in K-562 leukaemic cell line: isoform 2 favors proliferation where as isoform 1 favors differentiation.<ref>PMID:8208298</ref> <ref>PMID:11509566</ref> <ref>PMID:12134018</ref> <ref>PMID:15034300</ref> <ref>PMID:9237760</ref> <ref>PMID:10049757</ref> <ref>PMID:10390541</ref> <ref>PMID:14555757</ref> <ref>PMID:16122776</ref> <ref>PMID:18155240</ref> <ref>PMID:18687337</ref> <ref>PMID:19886675</ref> <ref>PMID:19240134</ref> <ref>PMID:19477182</ref> <ref>PMID:20708644</ref> <ref>PMID:16209947</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Serine/arginine-protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) regulates alternative splicing of VEGF-A to pro-angiogenic isoforms and SRPK1 inhibition can restore the balance of pro/antiangiogenic isoforms to normal physiological levels. The lack of potency and selectivity of available compounds has limited development of SRPK1 inhibitors, with the control of alternative splicing by splicing factor-specific kinases yet to be translated. We present here compounds that occupy a binding pocket created by the unique helical insert of SRPK1, and trigger a backbone flip in the hinge region, that results in potent (&lt;10 nM) and selective inhibition of SRPK1 kinase activity. Treatment with these inhibitors inhibited SRPK1 activity and phosphorylation of serine/arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), resulting in alternative splicing of VEGF-A from pro-angiogenic to antiangiogenic isoforms. This property resulted in potent inhibition of blood vessel growth in models of choroidal angiogenesis in vivo. This work identifies tool compounds for splice isoform selective targeting of pro-angiogenic VEGF, which may lead to new therapeutic strategies for a diversity of diseases where dysfunctional splicing drives disease development.

Development of Potent, Selective SRPK1 Inhibitors as Potential Topical Therapeutics for Neovascular Eye Disease.,Batson J, Toop HD, Redondo C, Babaei-Jadidi R, Chaikuad A, Wearmouth SF, Gibbons B, Allen C, Tallant C, Zhang J, Du C, Hancox JC, Hawtrey T, Da Rocha J, Griffith R, Knapp S, Bates DO, Morris JC ACS Chem Biol. 2017 Mar 17;12(3):825-832. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01048. Epub, 2017 Feb 6. PMID:28135068<ref>PMID:28135068</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5mxx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Arrowsmith CH]]
[[Category: Babaebi-Jadidib R]]
[[Category: Bates DO]]
[[Category: Batson J]]
[[Category: Bountra C]]
[[Category: Burgess-Brown N]]
[[Category: Edwards AM]]
[[Category: Elkins JM]]
[[Category: Knapp S]]
[[Category: Morris JC]]
[[Category: Newman JA]]
[[Category: Redondo C]]
[[Category: Savitsky P]]
[[Category: Tallant C]]
[[Category: Toop HD]]
[[Category: Von Delft F]]