View source for 5oev


==The structure of a glutathione synthetase like-effector (GSS22) from Globodera pallida in apoform.==
<StructureSection load='5oev' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5oev]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.18&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5oev]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globodera_pallida Globodera pallida]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5OEV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5OEV FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.18&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5oev FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5oev OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5oev PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5oev RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5oev PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5oev ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A183CD52_GLOPA A0A183CD52_GLOPA] 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Plant pathogens and parasites are a major threat to global food security. Plant parasitism has arisen four times independently within the phylum Nematoda, resulting in at least one parasite of every major food crop in the world. Some species within the most economically important order (Tylenchida) secrete proteins termed effectors into their host during infection to re-programme host development and immunity. The precise detail of how nematodes evolve new effectors is not clear. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of a novel effector gene family. We show that during the evolution of plant parasitism in the Tylenchida, the housekeeping glutathione synthetase (GS) gene was extensively replicated. New GS paralogues acquired multiple dorsal gland promoter elements, altered spatial expression to the secretory dorsal gland, altered temporal expression to primarily parasitic stages, and gained a signal peptide for secretion. The gene products are delivered into the host plant cell during infection, giving rise to "GS-like effectors". Remarkably, by solving the structure of GS-like effectors we show that during this process they have also diversified in biochemical activity, and likely represent the founding members of a novel class of GS-like enzyme. Our results demonstrate the re-purposing of an endogenous housekeeping gene to form a family of effectors with modified functions. We anticipate that our discovery will be a blueprint to understand the evolution of other plant-parasitic nematode effectors, and the foundation to uncover a novel enzymatic function.

Effector gene birth in plant parasitic nematodes: Neofunctionalization of a housekeeping glutathione synthetase gene.,Lilley CJ, Maqbool A, Wu D, Yusup HB, Jones LM, Birch PRJ, Banfield MJ, Urwin PE, Eves-van den Akker S PLoS Genet. 2018 Apr 11;14(4):e1007310. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007310. PMID:29641602<ref>PMID:29641602</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5oev" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Globodera pallida]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Banfield MJ]]
[[Category: Birch PRJ]]
[[Category: Eves-van den Akker S]]
[[Category: Jones LM]]
[[Category: Lilley CJ]]
[[Category: Maqbool A]]
[[Category: Urwin PE]]
[[Category: Wu D]]
[[Category: Yusup HB]]