View source for 5tor


==Crystal structure of AAT D222T mutant==
<StructureSection load='5tor' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5tor]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.35&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5tor]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sus_scrofa Sus scrofa]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5TOR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5TOR FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.35&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=LLP:(2S)-2-AMINO-6-[[3-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-5-(PHOSPHONOOXYMETHYL)PYRIDIN-4-YL]METHYLIDENEAMINO]HEXANOIC+ACID'>LLP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5tor FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5tor OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5tor PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5tor RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5tor PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5tor ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AATC_PIG AATC_PIG] Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism.
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is a fundamental, multifunctional enzyme cofactor used to catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions involved in amino acid metabolism. PLP-dependent enzymes optimize specific chemical reactions by modulating the electronic states of PLP through distinct active site environments. In asparate aminotransferase (AAT), an extended hydrogen-bond network is coupled to the pyridinyl nitrogen of the PLP, influencing the electrophilicity of the cofactor. This network, which involves residues D222, H143, T139, H189, and structural waters, is located at the edge of PLP opposite to the reactive Schiff base. We demonstrate that this hydrogen-bond network directly influences the protonation state of the pyridine nitrogen of PLP, which affects the rates of catalysis. We analyzed perturbations caused by single- and double-mutant variants using steady-state kinetics, high-resolution X-ray crystallography, and quantum chemical calculations. Protonation of the pyridinyl nitrogen to form a pyridinium cation induces electronic delocalization in PLP, which correlates with the enhancement in catalytic rate in AAT. Thus, PLP activation is controlled by the proximity of the pyridinyl nitrogen to the hydrogen-bond microenvironment. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that D222, which is directly coupled to the pyridinyl nitrogen, increases the pKa of the pyridine nitrogen and stabilizes the pyridinium cation. H143 and H189 also increase the pKa of the pyridine nitrogen, but, more significantly, influence the position of the proton that resides between D222 and the pyridinyl nitrogen. These findings indicate that the second shell residues directly enhance the rate of catalysis in AAT.

Direct Evidence That an Extended Hydrogen Bonding Network Influences Activation of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate in Aspartate Aminotransferase.,Dajnowicz S, Parks JM, Hu X, Gesler K, Kovalevsky AY, Mueser TC J Biol Chem. 2017 Feb 23. pii: jbc.M116.774588. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.774588. PMID:28232482<ref>PMID:28232482</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5tor" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Aspartate aminotransferase 3D structures|Aspartate aminotransferase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Sus scrofa]]
[[Category: Dajnowicz S]]
[[Category: Kovalevsky A]]
[[Category: Mueser TC]]