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==SARS-unique fold in the Rousettus Bat Coronavirus HKU9==
<StructureSection load='5utv' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5utv]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5utv]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rousettus_bat_coronavirus_HKU9 Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5UTV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5UTV FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5utv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5utv OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5utv PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5utv RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5utv PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5utv ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/R1AB_BCHK9 R1AB_BCHK9] The replicase polyprotein of coronaviruses is a multifunctional protein: it contains the activities necessary for the transcription of negative stranded RNA, leader RNA, subgenomic mRNAs and progeny virion RNA as well as proteinases responsible for the cleavage of the polyprotein into functional products.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Host translation inhibitor nsp1: Inhibits host translation by interacting with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation. Viral mRNAs are not susceptible to nsp1-mediated endonucleolytic RNA cleavage thanks to the presence of a 5'-end leader sequence and are therefore protected from degradation. By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]<ref>PMID:19264783</ref>   Non-structural protein 2: May play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Papain-like proteinase: Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication. Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3. Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Non-structural protein 4: Participates in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Proteinase 3CL-PRO: Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN]. Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP).[UniProtKB:P0C6X7][PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00772]  Non-structural protein 6: Plays a role in the initial induction of autophagosomes from host reticulum endoplasmic. Later, limits the expansion of these phagosomes that are no longer able to deliver viral components to lysosomes.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Non-structural protein 7: Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Non-structural protein 8: Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Non-structural protein 9: May participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Non-structural protein 10: Plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating both nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase activities. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  RNA-directed RNA polymerase: Responsible for replication and transcription of the viral RNA genome.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Helicase: Multi-functional protein with a zinc-binding domain in N-terminus displaying RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity. Activity of helicase is dependent on magnesium.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Guanine-N7 methyltransferase: Enzyme possessing two different activities: an exoribonuclease activity acting on both ssRNA and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction and a N7-guanine methyltransferase activity.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease: Mn(2+)-dependent, uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to the cleaved bond.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]  2'-O-methyltransferase: Methyltransferase that mediates mRNA cap 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of viral mRNAs. N7-methyl guanosine cap is a prerequisite for binding of nsp16. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation which is essential to evade immune system.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The coronavirus nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) is a multifunctional protein that comprises multiple structural domains. This protein assists viral polyprotein cleavage, host immune interference, and may play other roles in genome replication or transcription. Here, we report the solution NMR structure of a protein from the "SARS-unique region" of the bat coronavirus HKU9. The protein contains a frataxin fold or double-wing motif, which is an alpha + beta fold that is associated with protein/protein interactions, DNA binding, and metal ion binding. High structural similarity to the human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nsp3 is present. A possible functional site that is conserved among some betacoronaviruses has been identified using bioinformatics and biochemical analyses. This structure provides strong experimental support for the recent proposal advanced by us and others that the "SARS-unique" region is not unique to the human SARS virus, but is conserved among several different phylogenetic groups of coronaviruses and provides essential functions.

SARS-unique fold in the Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9.,Hammond RG, Tan X, Johnson MA Protein Sci. 2017 Sep;26(9):1726-1737. doi: 10.1002/pro.3208. Epub 2017 Jun 15. PMID:28580734<ref>PMID:28580734</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9]]
[[Category: Hammond RG]]
[[Category: Johnson MA]]
[[Category: Tan X]]