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==Human cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in complex with Compound F1==
<StructureSection load='5vdw' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5vdw]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.71&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5vdw]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5VDW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5VDW FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.711&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=9BY:[2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetic+acid'>9BY</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5vdw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5vdw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5vdw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5vdw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5vdw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5vdw ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CGAS_HUMAN CGAS_HUMAN] Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and exhibits antiviral activity. Has antiviral activity by acting as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses. Binds cytosolic DNA directly, leading to activation and synthesis of cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates TMEM173/STING, thereby triggering type-I interferon production.<ref>PMID:21478870</ref> <ref>PMID:23258413</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is activated by ds-DNA binding to produce the secondary messenger 2',3'-cGAMP. cGAS is an important control point in the innate immune response; dysregulation of the cGAS pathway is linked to autoimmune diseases while targeted stimulation may be of benefit in immunoncology. We report here the structure of cGAS with dinucleotides and small molecule inhibitors, and kinetic studies of the cGAS mechanism. Our structural work supports the understanding of how ds-DNA activates cGAS, suggesting a site for small molecule binders that may cause cGAS activation at physiological ATP concentrations, and an apparent hotspot for inhibitor binding. Mechanistic studies of cGAS provide the first kinetic constants for 2',3'-cGAMP formation, and interestingly, describe a catalytic mechanism where 2',3'-cGAMP may be a minor product of cGAS compared to linear nucleotides. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The catalytic mechanism of cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cGAS) and implications for innate immunity and inhibition.,Hall J, Ralph EC, Shanker S, Wang H, Byrnes LJ, Horst R, Wong J, Brault A, Dumlao D, Smith JF, Dakin LA, Schmitt DC, Trujillo J, Vincent F, Griffor M, Aulabaugh AE Protein Sci. 2017 Sep 22. doi: 10.1002/pro.3304. PMID:28940468<ref>PMID:28940468</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 5vdw" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase 3D synthase|Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase 3D synthase]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Byrnes LJ]]
[[Category: Hall JD]]