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==Human PPARgamma ligand binding domain complexed with Lobeglitazone==
<StructureSection load='5ycn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5ycn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.15&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5ycn]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5YCN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5YCN FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.15&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=8LX:(5S)-5-[[4-[2-[[6-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]-methyl-amino]ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione'>8LX</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5ycn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5ycn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5ycn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5ycn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5ycn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5ycn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer.  Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601665 601665]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.<ref>PMID:9753710</ref>   Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604367 604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.<ref>PMID:12453919</ref> <ref>PMID:11788685</ref>   Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/137800 137800]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.<ref>PMID:9065481</ref> <ref>PMID:16150867</ref> <ref>PMID:20829347</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor and plays important roles in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Here, we report the crystal structures of PPARgamma in complex with lobeglitazone, a novel PPARgamma agonist, and with rosiglitazone for comparison. The thiazolidinedione (TZD) moiety of lobeglitazone occupies the canonical ligand-binding pocket near the activation function-2 (AF-2) helix (i.e., helix H12) in ligand-binding domain as the TZD moiety of rosiglitazone does. However, the elongated p-methoxyphenol moiety of lobeglitazone interacts with the hydrophobic pocket near the alternate binding site of PPARgamma. The extended interaction of lobeglitazone with the hydrophobic pocket enhances its binding affinity and could affect the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-mediated phosphorylation of PPARgamma at Ser245 (in PPARgamma1 numbering; Ser273 in PPARgamma2 numbering). Lobeglitazone inhibited the phosphorylation of PPARgamma at Ser245 in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited a better inhibitory effect on Ser245 phosphorylation than rosiglitazone did. Our study provides new structural insights into the PPARgamma regulation by TZD drugs and could be useful for the discovery of new PPARgamma ligands as an anti-diabetic drug, minimizing known side effects.

Structural Basis for the Enhanced Anti-Diabetic Efficacy of Lobeglitazone on PPARgamma.,Jang JY, Bae H, Lee YJ, Choi YI, Kim HJ, Park SB, Suh SW, Kim SW, Han BW Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 8;8(1):31. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18274-1. PMID:29311579<ref>PMID:29311579</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 5ycn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Han BW]]
[[Category: Jang JY]]