View source for 6cbz


==Estrogen Receptor Alpha Ligand Binding Domain Y537S Mutant in Complex with Estradiol and GRIP Peptide==
<StructureSection load='6cbz' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6cbz]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.65&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6cbz]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6CBZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6CBZ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.65&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EST:ESTRADIOL'>EST</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SCH:S-METHYL-THIO-CYSTEINE'>SCH</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6cbz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6cbz OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6cbz PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6cbz RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6cbz PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6cbz ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ESR1_HUMAN ESR1_HUMAN] Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.<ref>PMID:7651415</ref> <ref>PMID:10970861</ref> <ref>PMID:9328340</ref> <ref>PMID:10681512</ref> <ref>PMID:10816575</ref> <ref>PMID:11477071</ref> <ref>PMID:11682626</ref> <ref>PMID:15078875</ref> <ref>PMID:16043358</ref> <ref>PMID:15891768</ref> <ref>PMID:16684779</ref> <ref>PMID:18247370</ref> <ref>PMID:17932106</ref> <ref>PMID:19350539</ref> <ref>PMID:20705611</ref> <ref>PMID:21937726</ref> <ref>PMID:21330404</ref> <ref>PMID:22083956</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Estrogen therapy was used to treat advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women for decades until the introduction of tamoxifen. Resistance to long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors used as a treatment for breast cancer inevitably occurs, but unexpectedly low dose estrogen can cause regression of breast cancer and increase disease free survival in some patients. This therapeutic effect is attributed to estrogen-induced apoptosis in LTED breast cancer. Here we describe modulation of the estrogen receptor liganded with antiestrogens (endoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen) and an estrogenic triphenylethylene (TPE) EthoxyTPE (EtOXTPE) on estrogen-induced apoptosis in LTED breast cancer cells. Our results show that the angular TPE estrogen (EtOXTPE) is able to induce the ER-mediated apoptosis only at a later time compared to planar estradiol in these cells. Using RT-PCR, ChIP, Western blotting, molecular modelling and X-ray crystallography techniques we report novel conformations of the ER complex with an angular estrogen EtOXTPE and endoxifen. We propose that alteration of the conformation of the ER complexes, with changes in coactivator binding, governs estrogen-induced apoptosis through the PERK sensor system to trigger an Unfolded Protein Response (UPR).

Endoxifen, 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and an Estrogenic Derivative Modulate Estrogen Receptor Complex Mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer.,Maximov PY, Abderrahman B, Fanning SW, Sengupta S, Fan P, Curpan RF, Quintana Rincon DM, Greenland JA, Rajan SS, Greene GL, Jordan VC Mol Pharmacol. 2018 May 8. pii: mol.117.111385. doi: 10.1124/mol.117.111385. PMID:29739819<ref>PMID:29739819</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 6cbz" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Estrogen receptor 3D structures|Estrogen receptor 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Fanning SW]]
[[Category: Greene GL]]