View source for 6eqj


==Crystal Structure of Human Glycogenin-1 (GYG1) Tyr195pIPhe mutant, apo form==
<StructureSection load='6eqj' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6eqj]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.18&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6eqj]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6EQJ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6EQJ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.18&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PHI:IODO-PHENYLALANINE'>PHI</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6eqj FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6eqj OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6eqj PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6eqj RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6eqj PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6eqj ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLYG_HUMAN GLYG_HUMAN] Glycogen storage disease due to glycogenin deficiency. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLYG_HUMAN GLYG_HUMAN] Self-glucosylates, via an inter-subunit mechanism, to form an oligosaccharide primer that serves as substrate for glycogen synthase.
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Biosynthesis of glycogen, the essential glucose (and hence energy) storage molecule in humans, animals and fungi(1), is initiated by the glycosyltransferase enzyme, glycogenin (GYG). Deficiencies in glycogen formation cause neurodegenerative and metabolic disease(2-4), and mouse knockout(5) and inherited human mutations(6) of GYG impair glycogen synthesis. GYG acts as a 'seed core' for the formation of the glycogen particle by catalysing its own stepwise autoglucosylation to form a covalently bound gluco-oligosaccharide chain at initiation site Tyr 195. Precise mechanistic studies have so far been prevented by an inability to access homogeneous glycoforms of this protein, which unusually acts as both catalyst and substrate. Here we show that unprecedented direct access to different, homogeneously glucosylated states of GYG can be accomplished through a palladium-mediated enzyme activation 'shunt' process using on-protein C-C bond formation. Careful mimicry of GYG intermediates recapitulates catalytic activity at distinct stages, which in turn allows discovery of triphasic kinetics and substrate plasticity in GYG's use of sugar substrates. This reveals a tolerant but 'proof-read' mechanism that underlies the precision of this metabolic process. The present demonstration of direct, chemically controlled access to intermediate states of active enzymes suggests that such ligation-dependent activation could be a powerful tool in the study of mechanism.

Palladium-mediated enzyme activation suggests multiphase initiation of glycogenesis.,Bilyard MK, Bailey HJ, Raich L, Gafitescu MA, Machida T, Iglesias-Fernandez J, Lee SS, Spicer CD, Rovira C, Yue WW, Davis BG Nature. 2018 Oct 24. pii: 10.1038/s41586-018-0644-7. doi:, 10.1038/s41586-018-0644-7. PMID:30356213<ref>PMID:30356213</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6eqj" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Glycogenin|Glycogenin]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Arrowsmith CH]]
[[Category: Bailey HJ]]
[[Category: Bezerra GA]]
[[Category: Bilyard MK]]
[[Category: Bountra C]]
[[Category: Davis BG]]
[[Category: Edwards AM]]
[[Category: Kopec J]]
[[Category: Seo Lee S]]
[[Category: Yue WW]]