View source for 6fmd


==Targeting myeloid differentiation using potent human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) inhibitors based on 2-hydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine scaffold==
<StructureSection load='6fmd' size='340' side='right' caption='[[6fmd]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.58&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6fmd]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6FMD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6FMD FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DUH:2-oxidanyl-~{N}-[2,3,5,6-tetrakis(fluoranyl)-4-phenyl-phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide'>DUH</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FMN:FLAVIN+MONONUCLEOTIDE'>FMN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ORO:OROTIC+ACID'>ORO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PGE:TRIETHYLENE+GLYCOL'>PGE</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">DHODH ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroorotate_dehydrogenase_(quinone) Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.3.5.2 1.3.5.2] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6fmd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6fmd OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6fmd PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6fmd RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6fmd PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6fmd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PYRD_HUMAN PYRD_HUMAN]] Defects in DHODH are the cause of postaxial acrofacial dysostosis (POADS) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/263750 263750]]; also known as Miller syndrome. POADS is characterized by severe micrognathia, cleft lip and/or palate, hypoplasia or aplasia of the posterior elements of the limbs, coloboma of the eyelids and supernumerary nipples. POADS is a very rare disorder: only 2 multiplex families, each consisting of 2 affected siblings born to unaffected, nonconsanguineous parents, have been described among a total of around 30 reported cases.<ref>PMID:19915526</ref>  
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PYRD_HUMAN PYRD_HUMAN]] Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor. 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ( hDHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate. hDHODH has recently been found to be associated with acute myelogenous leukemia, a disease for which the standard of intensive care has not changed over decades. This work presents a novel class of hDHODH inhibitors, which are based on an unusual carboxylic group bioisostere 2-hydroxypyrazolo[1,5- a]pyridine, that has been designed starting from brequinar, one of the most potent hDHODH inhibitors. A combination of structure-based and ligand-based strategies produced compound 4, which shows brequinar-like hDHODH potency in vitro and is superior in terms of cytotoxicity and immunosuppression. Compound 4 also restores myeloid differentiation in leukemia cell lines at concentrations that are one log digit lower than those achieved in experiments with brequinar. This Article reports the design, synthesis, SAR, X-ray crystallography, biological assays, and physicochemical characterization of the new class of hDHODH inhibitors.

Targeting Myeloid Differentiation Using Potent 2-Hydroxypyrazolo[1,5- a]pyridine Scaffold-Based Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.,Sainas S, Pippione AC, Lupino E, Giorgis M, Circosta P, Gaidano V, Goyal P, Bonanni D, Rolando B, Cignetti A, Ducime A, Andersson M, Jarva M, Friemann R, Piccinini M, Ramondetti C, Buccinna B, Al-Karadaghi S, Boschi D, Saglio G, Lolli ML J Med Chem. 2018 Jul 9. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00373. PMID:29939742<ref>PMID:29939742</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6fmd" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Andersson, M]]
[[Category: Friemann, R]]
[[Category: Goyal, P]]
[[Category: Jarva, M]]
[[Category: Lolli, M L]]
[[Category: Dhodh]]
[[Category: Inhibitor complex]]
[[Category: Oxidoreductase]]