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==Structure and dynamics of the platelet integrin-binding C4 domain of von Willebrand factor==
<StructureSection load='6fwn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6fwn]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6fwn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6FWN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6FWN FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR, 20 models</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6fwn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6fwn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6fwn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6fwn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6fwn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6fwn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VWF_HUMAN VWF_HUMAN] Defects in VWF are the cause of von Willebrand disease type 1 (VWD1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/193400 193400]. A common hemorrhagic disorder due to defects in von Willebrand factor protein and resulting in impaired platelet aggregation. Von Willebrand disease type 1 is characterized by partial quantitative deficiency of circulating von Willebrand factor, that is otherwise structurally and functionally normal. Clinical manifestations are mucocutaneous bleeding, such as epistaxis and menorrhagia, and prolonged bleeding after surgery or trauma.<ref>PMID:10887119</ref> <ref>PMID:11698279</ref>   Defects in VWF are the cause of von Willebrand disease type 2 (VWD2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613554 613554]. A hemorrhagic disorder due to defects in von Willebrand factor protein and resulting in impaired platelet aggregation. Von Willebrand disease type 2 is characterized by qualitative deficiency and functional anomalies of von Willebrand factor. It is divided in different subtypes including 2A, 2B, 2M and 2N (Normandy variant). The mutant VWF protein in types 2A, 2B and 2M are defective in their platelet-dependent function, whereas the mutant protein in type 2N is defective in its ability to bind factor VIII. Clinical manifestations are mucocutaneous bleeding, such as epistaxis and menorrhagia, and prolonged bleeding after surgery or trauma.  Defects in VWF are the cause of von Willebrand disease type 3 (VWD3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/277480 277480]. A severe hemorrhagic disorder due to a total or near total absence of von Willebrand factor in the plasma and cellular compartments, also leading to a profound deficiency of plasmatic factor VIII. Bleeding usually starts in infancy and can include epistaxis, recurrent mucocutaneous bleeding, excessive bleeding after minor trauma, and hemarthroses.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VWF_HUMAN VWF_HUMAN] Important in the maintenance of hemostasis, it promotes adhesion of platelets to the sites of vascular injury by forming a molecular bridge between sub-endothelial collagen matrix and platelet-surface receptor complex GPIb-IX-V. Also acts as a chaperone for coagulation factor VIII, delivering it to the site of injury, stabilizing its heterodimeric structure and protecting it from premature clearance from plasma.
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a key player in the regulation of hemostasis by promoting recruitment of platelets to sites of vascular injury. An array of six C domains forms the dimeric C-terminal VWF stem. Upon shear force activation, the stem adopts an open conformation allowing the adhesion of VWF to platelets and the vessel wall. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism and associated functional perturbations in disease-related variants, knowledge of high-resolution structures and dynamics of C domains is of paramount interest. Here, we present the solution structure of the VWF C4 domain, which binds to the platelet integrin and is therefore crucial for the VWF function. In the structure, we observed five intra- and inter-subdomain disulfide bridges, of which one is unique in the C4 domain. The structure further revealed an unusually hinged two-subdomain arrangement. The hinge is confined to a very short segment around V2547 connecting the two subdomains. Together with two nearby inter-subdomain disulfide bridges, this hinge induces slow conformational changes and positional alternations of both subdomains with respect to each other. Furthermore, the structure demonstrates that a clinical gain-of-function VWF variant (Y2561) (Schneppenheim et al., submitted) is more likely to have an effect on the arrangement of the C4 domain with neighboring domains rather than impairing platelet integrin binding.

Structure and dynamics of the platelet integrin-binding C4 domain of von Willebrand factor.,Xu ER, von Bulow S, Chen PC, Lenting PJ, Kolsek K, Aponte-Santamaria C, Simon B, Foot J, Obser T, Schneppenheim R, Grater F, Denis CV, Wilmanns M, Hennig J Blood. 2018 Oct 10. pii: blood-2018-04-843615. doi: 10.1182/blood-2018-04-843615. PMID:30305279<ref>PMID:30305279</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 6fwn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Aponte-Santamaria C]]
[[Category: Chen P-C]]
[[Category: Denis CV]]
[[Category: Foot J]]
[[Category: Graeter F]]
[[Category: Hennig J]]
[[Category: Kolsek K]]
[[Category: Lenting PJ]]
[[Category: Obser T]]
[[Category: Schneppenheim R]]
[[Category: Simon B]]
[[Category: Wilmanns M]]
[[Category: Xu E-R]]
[[Category: Von Buelow S]]