View source for 6fwt


==Crystal structure of human wild type beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-1 (B4GalT1) in apo-open monomeric form==
<StructureSection load='6fwt' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6fwt]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.84&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6fwt]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6FWT OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6FWT FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.845&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6fwt FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6fwt OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6fwt PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6fwt RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6fwt PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6fwt ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B4GT1_HUMAN B4GT1_HUMAN] Defects in B4GALT1 are the cause of congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2D (CDG2D) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/607091 607091]. CDGs are a family of severe inherited diseases caused by a defect in protein N-glycosylation. They are characterized by under-glycosylated serum proteins. These multisystem disorders present with a wide variety of clinical features, such as disorders of the nervous system development, psychomotor retardation, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, coagulation disorders, and immunodeficiency. The broad spectrum of features reflects the critical role of N-glycoproteins during embryonic development, differentiation, and maintenance of cell functions.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B4GT1_HUMAN B4GT1_HUMAN] The Golgi complex form catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and could also be responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids.  The cell surface form functions as a recognition molecule during a variety of cell to cell and cell to matrix interactions, as those occurring during development and egg fertilization, by binding to specific oligosaccharide ligands on opposing cells or in the extracellular matrix.
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Most glycosyltransferases, including B4GalT1 (EC 2.4.1.38), are known to assemble into enzyme homomers and functionally relevant heteromers in vivo. However, it remains unclear why and how these enzymes interact at the molecular/atomic level. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the wild-type human B4GalT1 homodimer. We also show that B4GalT1 exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomer and dimer, since a purified monomer reappears as a mixture of both and as we obtained crystal forms of the monomer and dimer assemblies in the same crystallization conditions. These two crystal forms revealed the unliganded B4GalT1 in both the open and the closed conformation of the Trp loop and the lid regions, responsible for donor and acceptor substrate binding, respectively. The present structures also show the lid region in full in an open conformation, as well as a new conformation for the GlcNAc acceptor loop (residues 272-288). The physiological relevance of the homodimer in the crystal was validated by targeted mutagenesis studies coupled with FRET assays. These showed that changing key catalytic amino acids impaired homomer formation in vivo. The wild-type human B4GalT1 structure also explains why the variant proteins used for crystallization in earlier studies failed to reveal the homodimers described in this study.

The dimeric structure of wild-type human glycosyltransferase B4GalT1.,Harrus D, Khoder-Agha F, Peltoniemi M, Hassinen A, Ruddock L, Kellokumpu S, Glumoff T PLoS One. 2018 Oct 23;13(10):e0205571. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205571., eCollection 2018. PMID:30352055<ref>PMID:30352055</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 6fwt" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Glycosyltransferase 3D structures|Glycosyltransferase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Glumoff T]]
[[Category: Harrus D]]
[[Category: Kellokumpu S]]