View source for 6gbw


==Thrombin in complex with MI2100 ((S)-N-(2-(aminomethyl)-5-chlorobenzyl)-1-((benzylsulfonyl)-L-arginyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide)==
<StructureSection load='6gbw' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6gbw]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.45&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6gbw]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6GBW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6GBW FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DMS:DIMETHYL+SULFOXIDE'>DMS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EU5:(2~{S})-~{N}-[[2-(aminomethyl)-5-chloranyl-phenyl]methyl]-1-[(2~{S})-5-carbamimidamido-2-[(phenylmethyl)sulfonylamino]pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide'>EU5</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=TYS:O-SULFO-L-TYROSINE'>TYS</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5jzy|5jzy]], [[3rml|3rml]], [[5jfd|5jfd]], [[5lce|5lce]], [[5lpd|5lpd]]</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin Thrombin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.21.5 3.4.21.5] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6gbw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6gbw OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6gbw PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6gbw RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6gbw PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6gbw ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN]] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613679 613679]]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.<ref>PMID:14962227</ref> <ref>PMID:6405779</ref> <ref>PMID:3771562</ref> <ref>PMID:3567158</ref> <ref>PMID:3801671</ref> <ref>PMID:3242619</ref> <ref>PMID:2719946</ref> <ref>PMID:1354985</ref> <ref>PMID:1421398</ref> <ref>PMID:1349838</ref> <ref>PMID:7865694</ref> <ref>PMID:7792730</ref>   Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/601367 601367]]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.<ref>PMID:15534175</ref>   Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/188050 188050]]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis.  Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/614390 614390]]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.<ref>PMID:11506076</ref>  
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN]] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.<ref>PMID:2856554</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HIRV2_HIRME HIRV2_HIRME]] Hirudin is a potent thrombin-specific protease inhibitor. It forms a stable non-covalent complex with alpha-thrombin, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave fibrinogen. 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Structural fixation of a ligand in its bioactive conformation may, due to entropic reasons, improve affinity. We present a congeneric series of thrombin ligands with a variety of functional groups triggering preorganization prior to binding. Fixation in solution and complex formation have been characterized by crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. First, we show why these preorganizing modifications do not affect the overall binding mode and how key interactions are preserved. Next, we demonstrate how preorganization thermodynamics can be largely dominated by enthalpy rather than entropy because of the significant population of low-energy conformations. Furthermore, a salt bridge is shielded by actively reducing its surface exposure, thus leading to an enhanced enthalpic binding profile. Our results suggest that the consideration of the ligand solution ensemble by MD simulation is necessary to predict preorganizing modifications that enhance the binding behavior of already promising binders.

Strategies for Late-Stage Optimization: Profiling Thermodynamics by Preorganization and Salt Bridge Shielding.,Sandner A, Hufner-Wulsdorf T, Heine A, Steinmetzer T, Klebe G J Med Chem. 2019 Nov 14;62(21):9753-9771. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01196. Epub, 2019 Nov 4. PMID:31633354<ref>PMID:31633354</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6gbw" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Hirudin 3D structures|Hirudin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Thrombin]]
[[Category: Heine, A]]
[[Category: Klebe, G]]
[[Category: Sandner, A]]
[[Category: Blood]]
[[Category: Blood clotting]]
[[Category: Blood clotting inhibitor]]
[[Category: Coagulation]]
[[Category: Convertion of fibrinogen to fibrin]]
[[Category: Glycosylation]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Preorganization]]
[[Category: Thrombin inhibitor]]