View source for 6gue


==CDK2/CyclinA in complex with AZD5438==
<StructureSection load='6gue' size='340' side='right' caption='[[6gue]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.99&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6gue]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovin Bovin] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6GUE OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6GUE FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FB8:4-(2-methyl-3-propan-2-yl-imidazol-4-yl)-~{N}-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine'>FB8</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=TPO:PHOSPHOTHREONINE'>TPO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">CDK2, CDKN2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), CCNA2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9913 BOVIN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase Cyclin-dependent kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.22 2.7.11.22] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6gue FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6gue OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6gue PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6gue RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6gue PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6gue ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CDK2_HUMAN CDK2_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated. Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization.<ref>PMID:10499802</ref> <ref>PMID:11051553</ref> <ref>PMID:10995386</ref> <ref>PMID:10995387</ref> <ref>PMID:10884347</ref> <ref>PMID:11113184</ref> <ref>PMID:15800615</ref> <ref>PMID:18372919</ref> <ref>PMID:20147522</ref> <ref>PMID:20079829</ref> <ref>PMID:20935635</ref> <ref>PMID:20195506</ref> <ref>PMID:19966300</ref> <ref>PMID:21262353</ref> <ref>PMID:21596315</ref> <ref>PMID:21319273</ref> <ref>PMID:17495531</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CCNA2_BOVIN CCNA2_BOVIN]] Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) and the G2/M (mitosis) transitions. 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Dysregulation of the cell cycle characterizes many cancer subtypes, providing a rationale for developing cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. Potent CDK2 inhibitors might target certain cancers in which CCNE1 is amplified. However, current CDK2 inhibitors also inhibit CDK1, generating a toxicity liability. We have used biophysical measurements and X-ray crystallography to investigate the ATP-competitive inhibitor binding properties of cyclin-free and cyclin-bound CDK1 and CDK2. We show that these kinases can readily be distinguished by such inhibitors when cyclin-free, but not when cyclin-bound. The basis for this discrimination is unclear from either inspection or molecular dynamics simulation of ligand-bound CDKs, but is reflected in the contacts made between the kinase N- and C-lobes. We conclude that there is a subtle but profound difference between the conformational energy landscapes of cyclin-free CDK1 and CDK2. The unusual properties of CDK1 might be exploited to differentiate CDK1 from other CDKs in future cancer therapeutic design.

Differences in the Conformational Energy Landscape of CDK1 and CDK2 Suggest a Mechanism for Achieving Selective CDK Inhibition.,Wood DJ, Korolchuk S, Tatum NJ, Wang LZ, Endicott JA, Noble MEM, Martin MP Cell Chem Biol. 2018 Nov 1. pii: S2451-9456(18)30375-1. doi:, 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.10.015. PMID:30472117<ref>PMID:30472117</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6gue" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Bovin]]
[[Category: Cyclin-dependent kinase]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Endicott, J A]]
[[Category: Korolchuk, S]]
[[Category: Martin, M P]]
[[Category: Noble, M E.M]]
[[Category: Tatum, N J]]
[[Category: Wang, L Z]]
[[Category: Wood, D J]]
[[Category: Cdk2]]
[[Category: Cell cycle]]
[[Category: Cyclina]]
[[Category: Inhibitor]]