View source for 6hsx


==Thrombin in Complex with a D-Phe-Pro-diaminopyridine derivative==
<StructureSection load='6hsx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6hsx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.56&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6hsx]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudo_medicinalis Hirudo medicinalis] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6HSX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6HSX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.56&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DMS:DIMETHYL+SULFOXIDE'>DMS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOZ:(2~{S})-1-[(2~{R})-2-azanyl-3-phenyl-propanoyl]-~{N}-[[2,6-bis(azanyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide'>GOZ</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TYS:O-SULFO-L-TYROSINE'>TYS</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6hsx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6hsx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6hsx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6hsx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6hsx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6hsx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613679 613679]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.<ref>PMID:14962227</ref> <ref>PMID:6405779</ref> <ref>PMID:3771562</ref> <ref>PMID:3567158</ref> <ref>PMID:3801671</ref> <ref>PMID:3242619</ref> <ref>PMID:2719946</ref> <ref>PMID:1354985</ref> <ref>PMID:1421398</ref> <ref>PMID:1349838</ref> <ref>PMID:7865694</ref> <ref>PMID:7792730</ref>   Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601367 601367]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.<ref>PMID:15534175</ref>   Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/188050 188050]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis.  Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614390 614390]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.<ref>PMID:11506076</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.<ref>PMID:2856554</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Trypsin and thrombin, structurally similar serine proteases, recognize different substrates; thrombin cleaves after Arg, whereas trypsin cleaves after Lys/Arg. Both recognize basic substrate headgroups via Asp189 at the bottom of the S1 pocket. By crystallography and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we studied a series of d-Phe/d-DiPhe-Pro-(amino)pyridines. Identical ligand pairs show the same binding poses. Surprisingly, one ligand binds to trypsin in protonated state and to thrombin in unprotonated state at P1 along with differences in the residual solvation pattern. While trypsin binding is mediated by an ordered water molecule, in thrombin, water is scattered over three hydration sites. Although having highly similar S1 pockets, our results suggest different electrostatic properties of Asp189 possibly contributing to the selectivity determinant. Thrombin binds a specific Na(+) ion next to Asp189, which is absent in trypsin. The electrostatic properties across the S1 pocket are further attenuated by charged Glu192 at the rim of S1 in thrombin, which is replaced by uncharged Gln192 in trypsin.

Protein-Induced Change in Ligand Protonation during Trypsin and Thrombin Binding: Hint on Differences in Selectivity Determinants of Both Proteins?,Ngo K, Collins-Kautz C, Gerstenecker S, Wagner B, Heine A, Klebe G J Med Chem. 2020 Mar 26;63(6):3274-3289. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02061. Epub , 2020 Feb 24. PMID:32011145<ref>PMID:32011145</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6hsx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Hirudin 3D structures|Hirudin 3D structures]]
*[[Thrombin 3D Structures|Thrombin 3D Structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Hirudo medicinalis]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Heine A]]
[[Category: Klebe G]]
[[Category: Ngo K]]