View source for 6kzu


==Macrocyclization of an all-D linear peptide improves target affinity and imparts cellular activity: A novel stapled alpha-helical peptide modality==
<StructureSection load='6kzu' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6kzu]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.79&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6kzu]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_13 Phage 13]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6KZU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6KZU FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.79&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2JN:2-METHYL-D-NORLEUCINE'>2JN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DAL:D-ALANINE'>DAL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DGL:D-GLUTAMIC+ACID'>DGL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DLE:D-LEUCINE'>DLE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DSG:D-ASPARAGINE'>DSG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DTY:D-TYROSINE'>DTY</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=E03:6-FLUORO-D-TRYPTOPHAN'>E03</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MK8:2-METHYL-L-NORLEUCINE'>MK8</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TDF:4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-D-PHENYLALANINE'>TDF</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6kzu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6kzu OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6kzu PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6kzu RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6kzu PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6kzu ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MDM2_HUMAN MDM2_HUMAN] Note=Seems to be amplified in certain tumors (including soft tissue sarcomas, osteosarcomas and gliomas). A higher frequency of splice variants lacking p53 binding domain sequences was found in late-stage and high-grade ovarian and bladder carcinomas. Four of the splice variants show loss of p53 binding.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MDM2_HUMAN MDM2_HUMAN] E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of p53/TP53, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Inhibits p53/TP53- and p73/TP73-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by binding its transcriptional activation domain. Also acts as an ubiquitin ligase E3 toward itself and ARRB1. Permits the nuclear export of p53/TP53. Promotes proteasome-dependent ubiquitin-independent degradation of retinoblastoma RB1 protein. Inhibits DAXX-mediated apoptosis by inducing its ubiquitination and degradation. Component of the TRIM28/KAP1-MDM2-p53/TP53 complex involved in stabilizing p53/TP53. Also component of the TRIM28/KAP1-ERBB4-MDM2 complex which links growth factor and DNA damage response pathways. Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation of DYRK2 in nucleus. Ubiquitinates IGF1R and promotes it to proteasomal degradation.<ref>PMID:12821780</ref> <ref>PMID:15053880</ref> <ref>PMID:15195100</ref> <ref>PMID:16337594</ref> <ref>PMID:15632057</ref> <ref>PMID:17290220</ref> <ref>PMID:19098711</ref> <ref>PMID:19219073</ref> <ref>PMID:19965871</ref> <ref>PMID:20858735</ref> <ref>PMID:20173098</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Peptide-based molecules hold great potential as targeted inhibitors of intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Indeed, the vast diversity of chemical space conferred through their primary, secondary and tertiary structures allows these molecules to be applied to targets that are typically deemed intractable via small molecules. However, the development of peptide therapeutics has been hindered by their limited conformational stability, proteolytic sensitivity and cell permeability. Several contemporary peptide design strategies are aimed at addressing these issues. Strategic macrocyclization through optimally placed chemical braces such as olefinic hydrocarbon crosslinks, commonly referred to as staples, may improve peptide properties by (i) restricting conformational freedom to improve target affinities, (ii) improving proteolytic resistance, and (iii) enhancing cell permeability. As a second strategy, molecules constructed entirely from d-amino acids are hyper-resistant to proteolytic cleavage, but generally lack conformational stability and membrane permeability. Since neither approach is a complete solution, we have combined these strategies to identify the first examples of all-d alpha-helical stapled and stitched peptides. As a template, we used a recently reported all d-linear peptide that is a potent inhibitor of the p53-Mdm2 interaction, but is devoid of cellular activity. To design both stapled and stitched all-d-peptide analogues, we used computational modelling to predict optimal staple placement. The resultant novel macrocyclic all d-peptide was determined to exhibit increased alpha-helicity, improved target binding, complete proteolytic stability and, most notably, cellular activity.

Macrocyclization of an all-d linear alpha-helical peptide imparts cellular permeability.,Kannan S, Aronica PGA, Ng S, Gek Lian DT, Frosi Y, Chee S, Shimin J, Yuen TY, Sadruddin A, Kaan HYK, Chandramohan A, Wong JH, Tan YS, Chang ZW, Ferrer-Gago FJ, Arumugam P, Han Y, Chen S, Renia L, Brown CJ, Johannes CW, Henry B, Lane DP, Sawyer TK, Verma CS, Partridge AW Chem Sci. 2020 May 11;11(21):5577-5591. doi: 10.1039/c9sc06383h. eCollection 2020, Jun 7. PMID:32874502<ref>PMID:32874502</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6kzu" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[MDM2 3D structures|MDM2 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Phage 13]]
[[Category: Brown CJ]]
[[Category: Jiang S]]