View source for 6leh


==Crystal structure of Autotaxin in complex with an inhibitor==
<StructureSection load='6leh' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6leh]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6leh]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6LEH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6LEH FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EAR:ethyl+2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-5-oxidanylidene-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-8-yl]ethanoate'>EAR</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MAN:ALPHA-D-MANNOSE'>MAN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6leh FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6leh OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6leh PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6leh RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6leh PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6leh ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ENPP2_MOUSE ENPP2_MOUSE] Note=May contribute to obesity.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ENPP2_MOUSE ENPP2_MOUSE] Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor.<ref>PMID:15700135</ref> <ref>PMID:17208043</ref> <ref>PMID:21240269</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Autotaxin (ATX, also known as ENPP2) is a predominant lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-producing enzyme in the body, and LPA regulates various physiological functions, such as angiogenesis and wound healing, as well as pathological functions, including proliferation, metastasis, and fibrosis, via specific LPA receptors. Therefore, the ATX-LPA axis is a promising therapeutic target for dozens of diseases, including cancers, pulmonary and liver fibroses, and neuropathic pain. Previous structural studies revealed that the catalytic domain of ATX has a hydrophobic pocket and a hydrophobic channel; these serve to recognize the substrate, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and deliver generated LPA to LPA receptors on the plasma membrane. Most reported ATX inhibitors bind to either the hydrophobic pocket or the hydrophobic channel. Herein, we present a unique ATX inhibitor that binds mainly to the hydrophobic pocket and also partly to the hydrophobic channel, inhibiting ATX activity with high potency and selectivity in vitro and in vivo. Notably, our inhibitor can rescue the cardia bifida (two hearts) phenotype in ATX-overexpressing zebrafish embryos.

Identification of Potent In Vivo Autotaxin Inhibitors that Bind to Both Hydrophobic Pockets and Channels in the Catalytic Domain.,Kawaguchi M, Okabe T, Okudaira S, Hama K, Kano K, Nishimasu H, Nakagawa H, Ishitani R, Kojima H, Nureki O, Aoki J, Nagano T J Med Chem. 2020 Mar 13. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01967. PMID:32134652<ref>PMID:32134652</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6leh" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3D structures|Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mus musculus]]
[[Category: Nishimasu H]]
[[Category: Osamu N]]