View source for 6now


==Human Mitochondrial Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase C-Ala domain==
<StructureSection load='6now' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6now]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 4.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6now]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6NOW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6NOW FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 4.099&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6now FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6now OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6now PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6now RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6now PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6now ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYAM_HUMAN SYAM_HUMAN] Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 8;Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia;Ovarioleukodystrophy. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYAM_HUMAN SYAM_HUMAN] Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_03133]
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Metazoan complexity and life-style depend on the bioenergetic potential of mitochondria. However, higher aerobic activity and genetic drift impose strong mutation pressure and risk of irreversible fitness decline in mitochondrial (mt)DNA-encoded genes. Bilaterian mitochondria-encoded tRNA genes, key players in mitochondrial activity, have accumulated mutations at significantly higher rates than their cytoplasmic counterparts, resulting in foreshortened and fragile structures. Here we show that fragility of mt tRNAs coincided with the evolution of bilaterian animals. We demonstrate that bilaterians compensated for this reduced structural complexity in mt tRNAs by sequence-independent induced-fit adaption to the cognate mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS). Structural readout by nuclear-encoded aaRS partners relaxed the sequence constraints on mt tRNAs and facilitated accommodation of functionally disruptive mutational insults by cis-acting epistatic compensations. Our results thus suggest that mutational freedom in mt tRNA genes is an adaptation to increased mutation pressure that was associated with the evolution of animal complexity.

Relaxed sequence constraints favor mutational freedom in idiosyncratic metazoan mitochondrial tRNAs.,Kuhle B, Chihade J, Schimmel P Nat Commun. 2020 Feb 20;11(1):969. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14725-y. PMID:32080176<ref>PMID:32080176</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6now" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase 3D structures|Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Kuhle B]]
[[Category: Schimmel P]]