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==Crystal structure of human protein kinase CK2alpha (CSNK2A1 gene product) in complex with the 2-aminothiazole-type inhibitor 17==
<StructureSection load='6tei' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6tei]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.76&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6tei]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6TEI OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6TEI FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.756&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=N4N:3-[(4-pyridin-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)amino]benzoic+acid'>N4N</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6tei FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6tei OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6tei PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6tei RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6tei PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6tei ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CSK21_HUMAN CSK21_HUMAN] Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that maintains cyclin-B-CDK1 activity and G2 arrest in response to spindle damage. Also required for p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, phosphorylating 'Ser-392' of p53/TP53 following UV irradiation. Can also negatively regulate apoptosis. Phosphorylates the caspases CASP9 and CASP2 and the apoptotic regulator NOL3. Phosphorylation protects CASP9 from cleavage and activation by CASP8, and inhibits the dimerization of CASP2 and activation of CASP8. Regulates transcription by direct phosphorylation of RNA polymerases I, II, III and IV. Also phosphorylates and regulates numerous transcription factors including NF-kappa-B, STAT1, CREB1, IRF1, IRF2, ATF1, SRF, MAX, JUN, FOS, MYC and MYB. Phosphorylates Hsp90 and its co-chaperones FKBP4 and CDC37, which is essential for chaperone function. Regulates Wnt signaling by phosphorylating CTNNB1 and the transcription factor LEF1. Acts as an ectokinase that phosphorylates several extracellular proteins. During viral infection, phosphorylates various proteins involved in the viral life cycles of EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and HPV.<ref>PMID:11239457</ref> <ref>PMID:11704824</ref> <ref>PMID:16193064</ref> <ref>PMID:19188443</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Selective inhibitors of protein kinase CK2 with significant cytotoxicity on tumor cells based on a 2-aminothiazole scaffold were described recently. Here, these studies are supplemented with representative CK2alpha/CK2alpha' complex struc-tures. They reveal that the 2-aminothiazole-based inhibitors occupy the ATP cavity, whereas preliminary data had indicated an allosteric binding site. The crystal structure findings are corroborated by subsequent enzyme kinetic studies; their atomic-resolution quality provides the basis for future optimization of these promising CK2 inhibitors.

Structural and mechanistic basis of the inhibitory potency of selected 2-aminothiazole compounds on protein kinase CK2.,Lindenblatt D, Nickelsen A, Applegate V, Jose J, Niefind K J Med Chem. 2020 Jun 26. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00587. PMID:32589844<ref>PMID:32589844</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6tei" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Casein kinase 3D structures|Casein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Applegate VM]]
[[Category: Jose J]]
[[Category: Lindenblatt D]]
[[Category: Nickelsen A]]
[[Category: Niefind K]]