View source for 6umt


==High-affinity human PD-1 PD-L2 complex==
<StructureSection load='6umt' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6umt]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.99&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6umt]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6UMT OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6UMT FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.986&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6umt FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6umt OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6umt PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6umt RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6umt PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6umt ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDCD1_HUMAN PDCD1_HUMAN] Systemic lupus erythematosus;Multiple sclerosis. Systemic lupus erythematosus 2 (SLEB2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/605218 605218]: A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.<ref>PMID:12402038</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDCD1_HUMAN PDCD1_HUMAN] Inhibitory cell surface receptor involved in the regulation of T-cell function during immunity and tolerance. Upon ligand binding, inhibits T-cell effector functions in an antigen-specific manner. Possible cell death inducer, in association with other factors.<ref>PMID:21276005</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Immune checkpoint blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1) by monoclonal antibody drugs has delivered breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer. Nonetheless, small-molecule PD-1 inhibitors could lead to increases in treatment efficacy, safety, and global access. While the ligand-binding surface of apo-PD-1 is relatively flat, it harbors a striking pocket in the murine PD-1/PD-L2 structure. An analogous pocket in human PD-1 may serve as a small-molecule drug target, but the structure of the human complex is unknown. Because the CC' and FG loops in murine PD-1 adopt new conformations upon binding PD-L2, we hypothesized that mutations in these two loops could be coupled to pocket formation and alter PD-1's affinity for PD-L2. Here, we conducted deep mutational scanning in these loops and used yeast surface display to select for enhanced PD-L2 binding. A PD-1 variant with three substitutions binds PD-L2 with an affinity two orders of magnitude higher than that of the wild-type protein, permitting crystallization of the complex. We determined the X-ray crystal structures of the human triple-mutant PD-1/PD-L2 complex and the apo triple-mutant PD-1 variant at 2.0 A and 1.2 A resolution, respectively. Binding of PD-L2 is accompanied by formation of a prominent pocket in human PD-1, as well as substantial conformational changes in the CC' and FG loops. The structure of the apo triple-mutant PD-1 shows that the CC' loop adopts the ligand-bound conformation, providing support for allostery between the loop and pocket. This human PD-1/PD-L2 structure provide critical insights for the design and discovery of small-molecule PD-1 inhibitors.

A high-affinity human PD-1/PD-L2 complex informs avenues for small-molecule immune checkpoint drug discovery.,Tang S, Kim PS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Nov 14. pii: 1916916116. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1916916116. PMID:31727844<ref>PMID:31727844</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6umt" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cell death protein 3D structures|Cell death protein 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Kim PS]]
[[Category: Tang S]]