View source for 7cml


==The Crystal Structure of human JNK2 from Biortus.==
<StructureSection load='7cml' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7cml]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.15&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7cml]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7CML OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7CML FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.15&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7cml FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7cml OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7cml PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7cml RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7cml PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7cml ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MK09_HUMAN MK09_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In response to oxidative or ribotoxic stresses, inhibits rRNA synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating the RNA polymerase 1-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3. Promotes stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors including TP53 and YAP1. In T-cells, MAPK8 and MAPK9 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, is activated by CARMA1, BCL10, MAP2K7 and MAP3K7/TAK1 to regulate JUN protein levels. Plays an important role in the osmotic stress-induced epithelial tight-junctions disruption. When activated, promotes beta-catenin/CTNNB1 degradation and inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons.<ref>PMID:10376527</ref> <ref>PMID:15805466</ref> <ref>PMID:17525747</ref> <ref>PMID:19675674</ref> <ref>PMID:20595622</ref> <ref>PMID:21364637</ref>   MAPK9 isoforms display different binding patterns: alpha-1 and alpha-2 preferentially bind to JUN, whereas beta-1 and beta-2 bind to ATF2. However, there is no correlation between binding and phosphorylation, which is achieved at about the same efficiency by all isoforms. JUNB is not a substrate for JNK2 alpha-2, and JUND binds only weakly to it.<ref>PMID:10376527</ref> <ref>PMID:15805466</ref> <ref>PMID:17525747</ref> <ref>PMID:19675674</ref> <ref>PMID:20595622</ref> <ref>PMID:21364637</ref> 

==See Also==
*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures|Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Cheng W]]
[[Category: Huang Y]]
[[Category: Lin D]]
[[Category: Miao Q]]
[[Category: Shang H]]
[[Category: Wang F]]