View source for 7cu1


==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF STREPTOMYCES ALBOGRISEOLUS FLAVIN-DEPENDENT TRYPTOPHAN 6-HALOGENASE (THAL) IN COMPLEX WITH FAD and AMP==
<StructureSection load='7cu1' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7cu1]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.91&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7cu1]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces_albogriseolus Streptomyces albogriseolus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7CU1 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7CU1 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.91&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AMP:ADENOSINE+MONOPHOSPHATE'>AMP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7cu1 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7cu1 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7cu1 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7cu1 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7cu1 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7cu1 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A1E280_STRAO A1E280_STRAO] 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Although flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs) are attractive biocatalysts, their practical applications are limited because of their low catalytic efficiency. Here, we investigated the reaction mechanisms and structures of tryptophan 6-halogenase (Thal) from Streptomyces albogriseolus using stopped-flow, rapid-quench flow, quantum/mechanics molecular mechanics calculations, crystallography, and detection of intermediate (hypohalous acid [HOX]) liberation. We found that the key flavin intermediate, C4a-hydroperoxyflavin (C4aOOH-FAD), formed by Thal and other FDHs (tryptophan 7-halogenase [PrnA] and tryptophan 5-halogenase [PyrH]), can react with I(-), Br(-), and Cl(-) but not F(-) to form C4a-hydroxyflavin and HOX. Our experiments revealed that I(-) reacts with C4aOOH-FAD the fastest with the lowest energy barrier and have shown for the first time that a significant amount of the HOX formed leaks out as free HOX. This leakage is probably a major cause of low product coupling ratios in all FDHs. Site-saturation mutagenesis of Lys79 showed that changing Lys79 to any other amino acid resulted in an inactive enzyme. However, the levels of liberated HOX of these variants are all similar, implying that Lys79 probably does not form a chloramine or bromamine intermediate as previously proposed. Computational calculations revealed that Lys79 has an abnormally lower pKa compared with other Lys residues, implying that the catalytic Lys may act as a proton donor in catalysis. Analysis of new X-ray structures of Thal also explains why premixing of FDHs with reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide generally results in abolishment of C4aOOH-FAD formation. These findings reveal the hidden factors restricting FDHs capability which should be useful for future development of FDHs applications.

Dissecting the low catalytic capability of flavin-dependent halogenases.,Phintha A, Prakinee K, Jaruwat A, Lawan N, Visitsatthawong S, Kantiwiriyawanitch C, Songsungthong W, Trisrivirat D, Chenprakhon P, Mulholland A, van Pee KH, Chitnumsub P, Chaiyen P J Biol Chem. 2021 Jan-Jun;296:100068. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.016004. Epub 2020 , Nov 23. PMID:33465708<ref>PMID:33465708</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
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== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Streptomyces albogriseolus]]
[[Category: Chaiyen P]]
[[Category: Chitnumsub P]]
[[Category: Jaruwat A]]
[[Category: Phintha A]]