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==Crystal Structure of Human Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenagse 1 (hIDO1) Complexed with 6-Bromo-N-(((1S,2S)-2-chlorocyclohexyl)methyl)-1H-indazol-4-amine (39)==
<StructureSection load='7e0u' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7e0u]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.28&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7E0U OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7E0U FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.278&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HUC:6-bromanyl-~{N}-[[(1~{S},2~{S})-2-chloranylcyclohexyl]methyl]-1~{H}-indazol-4-amine'>HUC</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7e0u FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7e0u OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7e0u PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7e0u RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7e0u PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7e0u ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (hIDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (hTDO) have been closely linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD); nevertheless, development of dual hIDO1 and hTDO inhibitors to evaluate their potential efficacy against PD is still lacking. Here, we report biochemical, biophysical, and computational analyses revealing that 1H-indazole-4-amines inhibit both hIDO1 and hTDO by a mechanism involving direct coordination with the heme ferrous and ferric states. Crystal structure-guided optimization led to 23, which manifested IC50 values of 0.64 and 0.04 muM to hIDO1 and hTDO, respectively, and had good pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetration in mice. 23 showed efficacy against the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse motor coordination deficits, comparable to Madopar, an anti-PD medicine. Further studies revealed that different from Madopar, 23 likely has specific anti-PD mechanisms involving lowering IDO1 expression, alleviating dopaminergic neurodegeneration, reducing inflammatory cytokines and quinolinic acid in mouse brain, and increasing kynurenic acid in mouse blood.

X-ray Structure-Guided Discovery of a Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Dual Human Indoleamine/Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (hIDO/hTDO) Inhibitor That Shows Activity in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.,Ning XL, Li YZ, Huo C, Deng J, Gao C, Zhu KR, Wang M, Wu YX, Yu JL, Ren YL, Luo ZY, Li G, Chen Y, Wang SY, Peng C, Yang LL, Wang ZY, Wu Y, Qian S, Li GB J Med Chem. 2021 Jun 24;64(12):8303-8332. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00303. Epub, 2021 Jun 10. PMID:34110158<ref>PMID:34110158</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 7e0u" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Dioxygenase 3D structures|Dioxygenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Li G-B]]
[[Category: Ning X-L]]