View source for 7fau


==Structure Determination of the NB1B11-RBD Complex==
<StructureSection load='7fau' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7fau]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.08&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7fau]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelidae Camelidae] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7FAU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7FAU FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.08&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7fau FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7fau OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7fau PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7fau RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7fau PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7fau ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SPIKE_SARS2 SPIKE_SARS2] attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection (By similarity). Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Uses also human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099]<ref>PMID:32075877</ref> <ref>PMID:32142651</ref> <ref>PMID:32155444</ref>   mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099]  Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099]
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Because of the evolutionary variants of SARS-CoV-2, development of broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies resilient to virus escape is urgently needed. We identified a group of high-affinity nanobodies from camels immunized with receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and resolved the structures of two non-competing nanobodies (NB1A7 and NB1B11) in complex with RBD using X-ray crystallography. The structures show that NB1A7 targets the highly conserved cryptic epitope shared by SARS-CoV-2 variants and some other coronaviruses and blocks ACE2 receptor attachment of the spike protein, and NB1B11 epitope overlaps with the contacting surface of ACE2 and is different from the binding site of NB1A7. These two nanobodies were covalently linked into multivalent and bi-paratopic formats, which significantly improved the avidity and neutralization potency and may further inhibit viral escape. The results contribute to the structure-guided design of antibodies against future variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus to combat coronavirus epidemics and pandemics.

Structural basis of nanobodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 variants.,Shi Z, Li X, Wang L, Sun Z, Zhang H, Chen X, Cui Q, Qiao H, Lan Z, Zhang X, Li X, Li L, Xu J, Gong R, Fan C, Geng Y Structure. 2022 May 5;30(5):707-720.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2022.02.011. Epub 2022 , Mar 10. PMID:35276082<ref>PMID:35276082</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7fau" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Spike protein 3D structures|Spike protein 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Camelidae]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]]
[[Category: Chen XC]]
[[Category: Cui QQ]]
[[Category: Lan ZY]]
[[Category: Li XX]]
[[Category: Qiao HR]]
[[Category: Shi ZZ]]
[[Category: Sun ZC]]
[[Category: Wang L]]
[[Category: Zhang HW]]
[[Category: Zhang X]]