View source for 7kev


==PCSK9 in complex with a cyclic peptide LDLR disruptor==
<StructureSection load='7kev' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7kev]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7kev]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_construct Synthetic construct]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7KEV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7KEV FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.8&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACE:ACETYL+GROUP'>ACE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ALO:ALLO-THREONINE'>ALO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=WCM:(2S)-2-amino-3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-N-methyl-N-[(2S)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]propanamide+(non-preferred+name)'>WCM</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7kev FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7kev OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7kev PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7kev RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7kev PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7kev ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PCSK9_HUMAN PCSK9_HUMAN] Defects in PCSK9 are the cause of hypercholesterolemia autosomal dominant type 3 (HCHOLA3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/603776 603776]. A familial condition characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either low-density lipoproteins alone or also in very-low-density lipoproteins.<ref>PMID:12730697</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PCSK9_HUMAN PCSK9_HUMAN] Crucial player in the regulation of plasma cholesterol homeostasis. Binds to low-density lipid receptor family members: low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), apolipoprotein E receptor (LRP1/APOER) and apolipoprotein receptor 2 (LRP8/APOER2), and promotes their degradation in intracellular acidic compartments. Acts via a non-proteolytic mechanism to enhance the degradation of the hepatic LDLR through a clathrin LDLRAP1/ARH-mediated pathway. May prevent the recycling of LDLR from endosomes to the cell surface or direct it to lysosomes for degradation. Can induce ubiquitination of LDLR leading to its subsequent degradation. Inhibits intracellular degradation of APOB via the autophagosome/lysosome pathway in a LDLR-independent manner. Involved in the disposal of non-acetylated intermediates of BACE1 in the early secretory pathway. Inhibits epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC)-mediated Na(+) absorption by reducing ENaC surface expression primarily by increasing its proteasomal degradation. Regulates neuronal apoptosis via modulation of LRP8/APOER2 levels and related anti-apoptotic signaling pathways.<ref>PMID:17461796</ref> <ref>PMID:18197702</ref> <ref>PMID:18660751</ref> <ref>PMID:18039658</ref> <ref>PMID:22074827</ref> <ref>PMID:22580899</ref> <ref>PMID:22493497</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by promoting hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation. Therapeutic antibodies that disrupt PCSK9-LDLR binding reduce LDL-C concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk. The epidermal growth factor precursor homology domain A (EGF-A) of the LDLR serves as a primary contact with PCSK9 via a flat interface, presenting a challenge for identifying small molecule PCSK9-LDLR disruptors. We employ an affinity-based screen of 10(13)in vitro-translated macrocyclic peptides to identify high-affinity PCSK9 ligands that utilize a unique, induced-fit pocket and partially disrupt the PCSK9-LDLR interaction. Structure-based design led to molecules with enhanced function and pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., (13)PCSK9i). In mice, (13)PCSK9i reduces plasma cholesterol levels and increases hepatic LDLR density in a dose-dependent manner. (13)PCSK9i functions by a unique, allosteric mechanism and is the smallest molecule identified to date with in vivo PCSK9-LDLR disruptor function.

Identification of a PCSK9-LDLR disruptor peptide with in vivo function.,Brousseau ME, Clairmont KB, Spraggon G, Flyer AN, Golosov AA, Grosche P, Amin J, Andre J, Burdick D, Caplan S, Chen G, Chopra R, Ames L, Dubiel D, Fan L, Gattlen R, Kelly-Sullivan D, Koch AW, Lewis I, Li J, Liu E, Lubicka D, Marzinzik A, Nakajima K, Nettleton D, Ottl J, Pan M, Patel T, Perry L, Pickett S, Poirier J, Reid PC, Pelle X, Seepersaud M, Subramanian V, Vera V, Xu M, Yang L, Yang Q, Yu J, Zhu G, Monovich LG Cell Chem Biol. 2022 Feb 17;29(2):249-258.e5. doi: , 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.08.012. Epub 2021 Sep 20. PMID:34547225<ref>PMID:34547225</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7kev" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[PCSK9|PCSK9]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Synthetic construct]]
[[Category: Chopra R]]
[[Category: Spraggon G]]