View source for 7lqj


==Crystal structure of LeuT bound to L-Alanine==
<StructureSection load='7lqj' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7lqj]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.14&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7lqj]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifex_aeolicus_VF5 Aquifex aeolicus VF5]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7LQJ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7LQJ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.144&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ALA:ALANINE'>ALA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=BOG:B-OCTYLGLUCOSIDE'>BOG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7lqj FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7lqj OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7lqj PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7lqj RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7lqj PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7lqj ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O67854_AQUAE O67854_AQUAE] 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 6.1 million people worldwide. Although the cause of PD remains unclear, studies of highly penetrant mutations identified in early-onset familial parkinsonism have contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathology. Dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) deficiency syndrome (DTDS) is a distinct type of infantile parkinsonism-dystonia that shares key clinical features with PD, including motor deficits (progressive bradykinesia, tremor, hypomimia) and altered DA neurotransmission. Here, we define structural, functional, and behavioral consequences of a Cys substitution at R445 in human DAT (hDAT R445C), identified in a patient with DTDS. We found that this R445 substitution disrupts a phylogenetically conserved intracellular (IC) network of interactions that compromise the hDAT IC gate. This is demonstrated by both Rosetta molecular modeling and fine-grained simulations using hDAT R445C, as well as EPR analysis and X-ray crystallography of the bacterial homolog leucine transporter. Notably, the disruption of this IC network of interactions supported a channel-like intermediate of hDAT and compromised hDAT function. We demonstrate that Drosophila melanogaster expressing hDAT R445C show impaired hDAT activity, which is associated with DA dysfunction in isolated brains and with abnormal behaviors monitored at high-speed time resolution. We show that hDAT R445C Drosophila exhibit motor deficits, lack of motor coordination (i.e. flight coordination) and phenotypic heterogeneity in these behaviors that is typically associated with DTDS and PD. These behaviors are linked with altered dopaminergic signaling stemming from loss of DA neurons and decreased DA availability. We rescued flight coordination with chloroquine, a lysosomal inhibitor that enhanced DAT expression in a heterologous expression system. Together, these studies shed some light on how a DTDS-linked DAT mutation underlies DA dysfunction and, possibly, clinical phenotypes shared by DTDS and PD.

Psychomotor impairments and therapeutic implications revealed by a mutation associated with infantile Parkinsonism-Dystonia.,Aguilar JI, Cheng MH, Font J, Schwartz AC, Ledwitch K, Duran A, Mabry SJ, Belovich AN, Zhu Y, Carter AM, Shi L, Kurian MA, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Meiler J, Ryan RM, Mchaourab HS, Bahar I, Matthies HJ, Galli A Elife. 2021 May 18;10. pii: 68039. doi: 10.7554/eLife.68039. PMID:34002696<ref>PMID:34002696</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7lqj" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Leucine transporter|Leucine transporter]]
*[[Symporter 3D structures|Symporter 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Aquifex aeolicus VF5]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Aguilar J]]
[[Category: Font J]]
[[Category: Galli A]]
[[Category: Ryan R]]