View source for 7pr7


==Crystal structure of human heparanase in complex with covalent inhibitor VL166==
<StructureSection load='7pr7' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7pr7]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.52&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7pr7]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7PR7 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7PR7 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.52&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=8I4:(2~{R},3~{S},5~{S},6~{S})-2,3,4,5,6-pentakis(oxidanyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic+acid'>8I4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FUC:ALPHA-L-FUCOSE'>FUC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NDG:2-(ACETYLAMINO)-2-DEOXY-A-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE'>NDG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7pr7 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7pr7 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7pr7 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7pr7 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7pr7 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7pr7 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HPSE_HUMAN HPSE_HUMAN] Endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) into heparan sulfate side chains and core proteoglycans. Participates in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and remodeling. Selectively cleaves the linkage between a glucuronic acid unit and an N-sulfo glucosamine unit carrying either a 3-O-sulfo or a 6-O-sulfo group. Can also cleave the linkage between a glucuronic acid unit and an N-sulfo glucosamine unit carrying a 2-O-sulfo group, but not linkages between a glucuronic acid unit and a 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid moiety. It is essentially inactive at neutral pH but becomes active under acidic conditions such as during tumor invasion and in inflammatory processes. Facilitates cell migration associated with metastasis, wound healing and inflammation. Enhances shedding of syndecans, and increases endothelial invasion and angiogenesis in myelomas. Acts as procoagulant by increasing the generation of activation factor X in the presence of tissue factor and activation factor VII. Increases cell adhesion to the extacellular matrix (ECM), independent of its enzymatic activity. Induces AKT1/PKB phosphorylation via lipid rafts increasing cell mobility and invasion. Heparin increases this AKT1/PKB activation. Regulates osteogenesis. Enhances angiogenesis through up-regulation of SRC-mediated activation of VEGF. Implicated in hair follicle inner root sheath differentiation and hair homeostasis.<ref>PMID:12213822</ref> <ref>PMID:12773484</ref> <ref>PMID:15044433</ref> <ref>PMID:16452201</ref> <ref>PMID:18557927</ref> <ref>PMID:18798279</ref> <ref>PMID:19244131</ref> <ref>PMID:20097882</ref> <ref>PMID:20181948</ref> <ref>PMID:20309870</ref> <ref>PMID:20561914</ref> <ref>PMID:21131364</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) mediate essential interactions throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing signals that regulate cellular growth and development. Altered HSPG composition during tumorigenesis strongly aids cancer progression. Heparanase (HPSE) is the principal enzyme responsible for extracellular heparan sulfate catabolism and is markedly up-regulated in aggressive cancers. HPSE overactivity degrades HSPGs within the ECM, facilitating metastatic dissemination and releasing mitogens that drive cellular proliferation. Reducing extracellular HPSE activity reduces cancer growth, but few effective inhibitors are known, and none are clinically approved. Inspired by the natural glycosidase inhibitor cyclophellitol, we developed nanomolar mechanism-based, irreversible HPSE inhibitors that are effective within physiological environments. Application of cyclophellitol-derived HPSE inhibitors reduces cancer aggression in cellulo and significantly ameliorates murine metastasis. Mechanism-based irreversible HPSE inhibition is an unexplored anticancer strategy. We demonstrate the feasibility of such compounds to control pathological HPSE-driven malignancies.

Mechanism-based heparanase inhibitors reduce cancer metastasis in vivo.,de Boer C, Armstrong Z, Lit VAJ, Barash U, Ruijgrok G, Boyango I, Weitzenberg MM, Schroder SP, Sarris AJC, Meeuwenoord NJ, Bule P, Kayal Y, Ilan N, Codee JDC, Vlodavsky I, Overkleeft HS, Davies GJ, Wu L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Aug 2;119(31):e2203167119. doi: , 10.1073/pnas.2203167119. Epub 2022 Jul 26. PMID:35881786<ref>PMID:35881786</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 7pr7" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Armstrong Z]]
[[Category: Davies GJ]]
[[Category: Wu L]]