View source for 7sid


==Human ATM Dimer Bound to Nbs1==
<StructureSection load='7sid' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7sid]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.53&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7sid]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7SID OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7SID FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.53&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ANP:PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC+ACID-ADENYLATE+ESTER'>ANP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7sid FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7sid OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7sid PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7sid RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7sid PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7sid ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATM_HUMAN ATM_HUMAN] Mantle cell lymphoma;B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia;Combined cervical dystonia;Ataxia-telangiectasia;Ataxia-telangiectasia variant. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  Defects in ATM contribute to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TALL) and T-prolymphocytic leukemia (TPLL). TPLL is characterized by a high white blood cell count, with a predominance of prolymphocytes, marked splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, skin lesions and serous effusion. The clinical course is highly aggressive, with poor response to chemotherapy and short survival time. TPLL occurs both in adults as a sporadic disease and in younger AT patients.<ref>PMID:9288106</ref> <ref>PMID:9334731</ref> <ref>PMID:9463314</ref> <ref>PMID:9488043</ref> <ref>PMID:9573030</ref>   Defects in ATM contribute to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (BNHL), including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).<ref>PMID:10397742</ref> <ref>PMID:10706620</ref> <ref>PMID:9288106</ref>   Defects in ATM contribute to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL). BCLL is the commonest form of leukemia in the elderly. It is characterized by the accumulation of mature CD5+ B-lymphocytes, lymphadenopathy, immunodeficiency and bone marrow failure.<ref>PMID:10023947</ref> <ref>PMID:10397742</ref> <ref>PMID:9892178</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATM_HUMAN ATM_HUMAN] Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon double strand breaks (DSBs), apoptosis and genotoxic stresses such as ionizing ultraviolet A light (UVA), thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at double strand breaks (DSBs), thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Also plays a role in pre-B cell allelic exclusion, a process leading to expression of a single immunoglobulin heavy chain allele to enforce clonality and monospecific recognition by the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) expressed on individual B-lymphocytes. After the introduction of DNA breaks by the RAG complex on one immunoglobulin allele, acts by mediating a repositioning of the second allele to pericentromeric heterochromatin, preventing accessibility to the RAG complex and recombination of the second allele. Also involved in signal transduction and cell cycle control. May function as a tumor suppressor. Necessary for activation of ABL1 and SAPK. Phosphorylates DYRK2, CHEK2, p53/TP53, FANCD2, NFKBIA, BRCA1, CTIP, nibrin (NBN), TERF1, RAD9 and DCLRE1C. May play a role in vesicle and/or protein transport. Could play a role in T-cell development, gonad and neurological function. Plays a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation. Binds DNA ends. Phosphorylation of DYRK2 in nucleus in response to genotoxic stress prevents its MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation. Phosphorylates ATF2 which stimulates its function in DNA damage response.<ref>PMID:10973490</ref> <ref>PMID:12556884</ref> <ref>PMID:14871926</ref> <ref>PMID:15916964</ref> <ref>PMID:16086026</ref> <ref>PMID:16858402</ref> <ref>PMID:17923702</ref> <ref>PMID:19965871</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can lead to mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, genome instability, and cancer. Central to the sensing of DSBs is the ATM (Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) kinase, which belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) family. In response to DSBs, ATM is activated by the MRN (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1) protein complex through a poorly-understood process that also requires double-stranded DNA. Previous studies indicate that the FxF/Y motif of Nbs1 directly binds to ATM, and is required to retain active ATM at sites of DNA damage. Here we report the 2.5 A resolution cryo-EM structures of human ATM and its complex with the Nbs1 FxF/Y motif. In keeping with previous structures of ATM and its yeast homolog Tel1, the dimeric human ATM kinase adopts a symmetric, butterfly-shaped structure. The conformation of the ATM kinase domain is most similar to the inactive states of other PIKKs, suggesting that activation may involve an analogous realigning the N and C lobes along with relieving the blockage of the substrate-binding site. We also show that the Nbs1 FxF/Y motif binds to a conserved hydrophobic cleft within the Spiral domain of ATM, suggesting an allosteric mechanism of activation. We evaluate the importance of these structural findings with mutagenesis and biochemical assays.

Structure of the human ATM kinase and mechanism of Nbs1 binding.,Warren C, Pavletich NP Elife. 2022 Jan 25;11. pii: 74218. doi: 10.7554/eLife.74218. PMID:35076389<ref>PMID:35076389</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7sid" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Pavletich NP]]
[[Category: Warren C]]