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==X-ray crystal structure of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether - macrocyclic archaeol synthase (GDGT-MAS) from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii with archaeal lipid, 5'deoxyadenosine, and methionine bound==
<StructureSection load='7tol' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7tol]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.03&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7tol]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanocaldococcus_jannaschii Methanocaldococcus jannaschii]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7TOL OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7TOL FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.03&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=5AD:5-DEOXYADENOSINE'>5AD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FE:FE+(III)+ION'>FE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=L1P:3-PHOSPHORYL-[1,2-DI-PHYTANYL]GLYCEROL'>L1P</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=L4P:3-[GLYCEROLYLPHOSPHONYL]-[1,2-DI-PHYTANYL]GLYCEROL'>L4P</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MET:METHIONINE'>MET</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PGE:TRIETHYLENE+GLYCOL'>PGE</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7tol FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7tol OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7tol PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7tol RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7tol PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7tol ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HMPTM_METJA HMPTM_METJA] Is responsible for the addition of methyl groups at C-7 and C-9 of the pterin ring during methanopterin (MPT) biosynthesis. Catalyzes methylation of 7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin, likely using methylenetetrahydromethanopterin as a methyl group donor, via a radical-based mechanism.<ref>PMID:25002541</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Archaea synthesize isoprenoid-based ether-linked membrane lipids, which enable them to withstand extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, high salinity, and low or high pH values(1-5). In some archaea, such as Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, these lipids are further modified by forming carbon-carbon bonds between the termini of two lipid tails within one glycerophospholipid to generate the macrocyclic archaeol or forming two carbon-carbon bonds between the termini of two lipid tails from two glycerophospholipids to generate the macrocycle glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT)(1,2). GDGT contains two 40-carbon lipid chains (biphytanyl chains) that span both leaflets of the membrane, providing enhanced stability to extreme conditions. How these specialized lipids are formed has puzzled scientists for decades. The reaction necessitates the coupling of two completely inert sp(3)-hybridized carbon centres, which, to our knowledge, has not been observed in nature. Here we show that the gene product of mj0619 from M. jannaschii, which encodes a radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme, is responsible for biphytanyl chain formation during synthesis of both the macrocyclic archaeol and GDGT membrane lipids(6). Structures of the enzyme show the presence of four metallocofactors: three [Fe(4)S(4)] clusters and one mononuclear rubredoxin-like iron ion. In vitro mechanistic studies show that Csp(3)-Csp(3) bond formation takes place on fully saturated archaeal lipid substrates and involves an intermediate bond between the substrate carbon and a sulfur of one of the [Fe(4)S(4)] clusters. Our results not only establish the biosynthetic route for tetraether formation but also improve the use of GDGT in GDGT-based paleoclimatology indices(7-10).

Discovery, structure and mechanism of a tetraether lipid synthase.,Lloyd CT, Iwig DF, Wang B, Cossu M, Metcalf WW, Boal AK, Booker SJ Nature. 2022 Sep;609(7925):197-203. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05120-2. Epub 2022 , Jul 26. PMID:35882349<ref>PMID:35882349</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Methanocaldococcus jannaschii]]
[[Category: Boal AK]]
[[Category: Booker SJ]]
[[Category: Lloyd CT]]