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==Cryo-EM structure of the basal state of the Artemis:DNA-PKcs complex (see COMPND 13/14)==
<StructureSection load='7tyr' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7tyr]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.33&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7tyr]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7TYR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7TYR FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7tyr FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7tyr OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7tyr PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7tyr RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7tyr PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7tyr ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PRKDC_HUMAN PRKDC_HUMAN]] Severe combined immunodeficiency due to DNA-PKcs deficiency. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PRKDC_HUMAN PRKDC_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a molecular sensor for DNA damage. Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break (DSB) repair and V(D)J recombination. Must be bound to DNA to express its catalytic properties. Promotes processing of hairpin DNA structures in V(D)J recombination by activation of the hairpin endonuclease artemis (DCLRE1C). The assembly of the DNA-PK complex at DNA ends is also required for the NHEJ ligation step. Required to protect and align broken ends of DNA. May also act as a scaffold protein to aid the localization of DNA repair proteins to the site of damage. Found at the ends of chromosomes, suggesting a further role in the maintenance of telomeric stability and the prevention of chromosomal end fusion. Also involved in modulation of transcription. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Phosphorylates DCLRE1C, c-Abl/ABL1, histone H1, HSPCA, c-jun/JUN, p53/TP53, PARP1, POU2F1, DHX9, SRF, XRCC1, XRCC1, XRCC4, XRCC5, XRCC6, WRN, MYC and RFA2. Can phosphorylate C1D not only in the presence of linear DNA but also in the presence of supercoiled DNA. Ability to phosphorylate p53/TP53 in the presence of supercoiled DNA is dependent on C1D. Contributes to the determination of the circadian period length by antagonizing phosphorylation of CRY1 'Ser-588' and increasing CRY1 protein stability, most likely through an indirect machanism. Interacts with CRY1 and CRY2; negatively regulates CRY1 phosphorylation.<ref>PMID:12649176</ref> <ref>PMID:14734805</ref> <ref>PMID:15574326</ref> <ref>PMID:9679063</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Artemis nuclease and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) are key components in nonhomologous DNA end joining (NHEJ), the major repair mechanism for double-strand DNA breaks. Artemis activation by DNA-PKcs resolves hairpin DNA ends formed during V(D)J recombination. Artemis deficiency disrupts development of adaptive immunity and leads to radiosensitive T- B- severe combined immunodeficiency (RS-SCID). An activated state of Artemis in complex with DNA-PK was solved by cryo-EM recently, which showed Artemis bound to the DNA. Here, we report that the pre-activated form (basal state) of the Artemis:DNA-PKcs complex is stable on an agarose-acrylamide gel system, and suitable for cryo-EM structural analysis. Structures show that the Artemis catalytic domain is dynamically positioned externally to DNA-PKcs prior to ABCDE autophosphorylation and show how both the catalytic and regulatory domains of Artemis interact with the N-HEAT and FAT domains of DNA-PKcs. We define a mutually exclusive binding site for Artemis and XRCC4 on DNA-PKcs and show that an XRCC4 peptide disrupts the Artemis:DNA-PKcs complex. All of the findings are useful in explaining how a hypomorphic L3062R missense mutation of DNA-PKcs could lead to insufficient Artemis activation, hence RS-SCID. Our results provide various target site candidates to design disruptors for Artemis:DNA-PKcs complex formation.

Structural analysis of the basal state of the Artemis:DNA-PKcs complex.,Watanabe G, Lieber MR, Williams DR Nucleic Acids Res. 2022 Jul 22;50(13):7697-7720. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac564. PMID:35801871<ref>PMID:35801871</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7tyr" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Lieber MR]]
[[Category: Watanabe G]]
[[Category: Williams DR]]