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==Structures of Omicron Spike complexes illuminate broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody development==
<StructureSection load='7ws6' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7ws6]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7ws6]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7WS6 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7WS6 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.8&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7ws6 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7ws6 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7ws6 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7ws6 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7ws6 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7ws6 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SPIKE_SARS2 SPIKE_SARS2] attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection (By similarity). Binding to human ACE2 receptor and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the Spike glycoprotein (PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32075877, PubMed:32155444). Uses also human TMPRSS2 for priming in human lung cells which is an essential step for viral entry (PubMed:32142651). Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099]<ref>PMID:32075877</ref> <ref>PMID:32142651</ref> <ref>PMID:32155444</ref>   mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099]  Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099]
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is dominant in many countries worldwide. The high number of spike mutations is responsible for the broad immune evasion from existing vaccines and antibody drugs. To understand this, we first present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of ACE2-bound SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike. Comparison to previous spike antibody structures explains how Omicron escapes these therapeutics. Secondly, we report structures of Omicron, Delta, and wild-type spikes bound to a patient-derived Fab antibody fragment (510A5), which provides direct evidence where antibody binding is greatly attenuated by the Omicron mutations, freeing spike to bind ACE2. Together with biochemical binding and 510A5 neutralization assays, our work establishes principles of binding required for neutralization and clearly illustrates how the mutations lead to antibody evasion yet retain strong ACE2 interactions. Structural information on spike with both bound and unbound antibodies collectively elucidates potential strategies for generation of therapeutic antibodies.

Structures of Omicron spike complexes and implications for neutralizing antibody development.,Guo H, Gao Y, Li T, Li T, Lu Y, Zheng L, Liu Y, Yang T, Luo F, Song S, Wang W, Yang X, Nguyen HC, Zhang H, Huang A, Jin A, Yang H, Rao Z, Ji X Cell Rep. 2022 May 3;39(5):110770. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110770. Epub 2022 , Apr 15. PMID:35477022<ref>PMID:35477022</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 7ws6" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Antibody 3D structures|Antibody 3D structures]]
*[[Spike protein 3D structures|Spike protein 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]]
[[Category: Gao Y]]
[[Category: Guo H]]
[[Category: Ji X]]
[[Category: Yang H]]