View source for 7xnc


==MEK1 bound to DS94070624==
<StructureSection load='7xnc' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7xnc]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7xnc]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7XNC OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7XNC FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DMS:DIMETHYL+SULFOXIDE'>DMS</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GIK:~{N}-[4-[[6-(3-chloranylpyridin-4-yl)-3-methyl-1~{H}-indazol-4-yl]oxy]cyclohexyl]ethanamide'>GIK</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7xnc FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7xnc OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7xnc PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7xnc RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7xnc PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7xnc ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MP2K1_HUMAN MP2K1_HUMAN] Defects in MAP2K1 are a cause of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC syndrome) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/115150 115150]; also known as cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. CFC syndrome is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, heart defects and mental retardation. Heart defects include pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some affected individuals present with ectodermal abnormalities such as sparse, friable hair, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and a generalized ichthyosis-like condition. Typical facial features are similar to Noonan syndrome. They include high forehead with bitemporal constriction, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, downslanting palpebral fissures, a depressed nasal bridge, and posteriorly angulated ears with prominent helices. The inheritance of CFC syndrome is autosomal dominant.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MP2K1_HUMAN MP2K1_HUMAN] Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. RAF1 then further activates the dual-specificity protein kinases MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Both MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 function specifically in the MAPK/ERK cascade, and catalyze the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2, leading to their activation and further transduction of the signal within the MAPK/ERK cascade. Depending on the cellular context, this pathway mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation, predominantly through the regulation of transcription, metabolism and cytoskeletal rearrangements. One target of the MAPK/ERK cascade is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a nuclear receptor that promotes differentiation and apoptosis. MAP2K1/MEK1 has been shown to export PPARG from the nucleus. The MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC), as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis.<ref>PMID:14737111</ref> <ref>PMID:17101779</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Melanoma patients with activating BRAF mutations (BRAF V600E/K) initially respond to combination therapy of BRAF and MEK inhibitors. However, their clinical efficacy is limited by acquired resistance, in some cases driven by amplification of the mutant BRAF gene and subsequent reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. DS03090629 is a novel and orally available MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK in an ATP-competitive manner. In both in vitro and in vivo settings, potent inhibition of MEK by DS03090629 or its combination with the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib was demonstrated in a mutant BRAF-overexpressing melanoma cell line model that exhibited a higher MEK phosphorylation level than the parental cell line and then became resistant to dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib. DS03090629 also exhibited superior efficacy against a melanoma cell line expressing mutant MEK1 protein compared with dabrafenib and trametinib. Biophysical analysis revealed that DS03090629 retained its affinity for the MEK protein regardless of its phosphorylation status, whereas the affinity of trametinib declined when the MEK protein was phosphorylated. These results suggest that DS03090629 may be a novel therapeutic option for patients who acquire resistance to the current BRAF- and MEK-targeting therapies.

Discovery of a novel ATP-competitive MEK inhibitor DS03090629 that overcomes resistance conferred by BRAF overexpression in BRAF-mutated melanoma.,Takano K, Munehira Y, Hatanaka M, Murakami R, Shibata Y, Shida T, Takeuchi K, Takechi S, Tabata T, Shimada T, Kishikawa S, Matsui Y, Ubukata O, Seki T, Kaneta Y Mol Cancer Ther. 2023 Jan 9:MCT-22-0306. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-22-0306. PMID:36622773<ref>PMID:36622773</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7xnc" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3D structures|Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Hanzawa H]]
[[Category: Kishikawa S]]
[[Category: Takano K]]
[[Category: Ubukata O]]