View source for 7xqn


==InDel-mutant malate dehydrogenase from E. coli==
<StructureSection load='7xqn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7xqn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.98&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7xqn]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Escherichia coli]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7XQN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7XQN FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.98&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7xqn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7xqn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7xqn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7xqn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7xqn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7xqn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C3SRV3_ECOLX C3SRV3_ECOLX] Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate.[ARBA:ARBA00003966][HAMAP-Rule:MF_01516]
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Nucleobase-containing coenzymes are hypothesized to be relics of an early RNA-based world that preceded the emergence of proteins. Despite the importance of coenzyme-protein synergisms, their emergence and evolution remain understudied. An excellent target to address this issue is the Rossmann fold, the most catalytically diverse and abundant protein architecture in nature. We investigated two main Rossmann lineages: the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)) and the S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)- binding superfamilies. To identify the evolutionary changes that lead to a coenzyme specificity switch on these superfamilies, we performed structural and sequence-based Hidden Markov model analysis to systematically search for key motifs in their coenzyme-binding pockets. Our analyses revealed that through insertions and deletions (InDels) and a residue substitution, the ancient beta1-loop-alpha1 coenzyme-binding structure of NAD(P) could be reshaped into the SAM-binding beta1-loop-alpha1 structure. To experimentally prove this obsevation, we removed three amino acids from the NAD(P)-binding pocket and solved the structure of the resulting mutant, revealing the characteristic loop features of the SAM-binding pocket. To confirm the binding to SAM, we performed isothermal titration calorimetry measurements. Molecular dynamics simulations also corroborated the role of InDels in abolishing NAD binding and acquiring SAM binding. Our results uncovered how nature may have utilized insertions and deletions to optimize the different coenzyme-binding pockets and the distinct functionalities observed for Rossmann superfamilies. This work also proposes a general mechanism by which protein templates could have been recycled through the course of evolution to adopt different coenzymes and confer distinct chemistries.

Insertions and deletions mediated functional divergence of Rossmann fold enzymes.,Toledo-Patino S, Pascarelli S, Uechi GI, Laurino P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Nov 29;119(48):e2207965119. doi: , 10.1073/pnas.2207965119. Epub 2022 Nov 23. PMID:36417431<ref>PMID:36417431</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7xqn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Malate Dehydrogenase 3D structures|Malate Dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Escherichia coli]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Laurino P]]
[[Category: Toledo-Patino S]]