View source for 7yc9


==Co-crystal structure of BTK kinase domain with inhibitor==
<StructureSection load='7yc9' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7yc9]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.40&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7yc9]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7YC9 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7YC9 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.4&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=IS4:(7~{S})-2-(4-bromanyl-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-7-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide'>IS4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7yc9 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7yc9 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7yc9 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7yc9 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7yc9 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7yc9 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Defects in BTK are the cause of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/300755 300755]; also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia type 1 (AGMX1) or immunodeficiency type 1 (IMD1). XLA is a humoral immunodeficiency disease which results in developmental defects in the maturation pathway of B-cells. Affected boys have normal levels of pre-B-cells in their bone marrow but virtually no circulating mature B-lymphocytes. This results in a lack of immunoglobulins of all classes and leads to recurrent bacterial infections like otitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, sinusitis in the first few years of life, or even some patients present overwhelming sepsis or meningitis, resulting in death in a few hours. Treatment in most cases is by infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin.<ref>PMID:7880320</ref> <ref>PMID:8013627</ref> <ref>PMID:8162056</ref> <ref>PMID:8162018</ref> <ref>PMID:7849697</ref> <ref>PMID:7849721</ref> <ref>PMID:7809124</ref> <ref>PMID:7849006</ref> <ref>PMID:7711734</ref> <ref>PMID:7633420</ref> <ref>PMID:7633429</ref> <ref>PMID:8634718</ref> <ref>PMID:7627183</ref> <ref>PMID:7897635</ref> <ref>PMID:8723128</ref> <ref>PMID:8695804</ref> <ref>PMID:8834236</ref> <ref>PMID:9280283</ref> <ref>PMID:9260159</ref> <ref>PMID:9545398</ref> <ref>PMID:9445504</ref> <ref>PMID:10220140</ref> <ref>PMID:10678660</ref> <ref>PMID:10612838</ref>   Defects in BTK may be the cause of X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency (XLA-IGHD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/307200 307200]; also known as agammaglobulinemia and isolated growth hormone deficiency or Fleisher syndrome or isolated growth hormone deficiency type 3 (IGHD3). In rare cases XLA is inherited together with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD).
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BTK_HUMAN BTK_HUMAN] Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.<ref>PMID:9012831</ref> <ref>PMID:11606584</ref> <ref>PMID:16517732</ref> <ref>PMID:16738337</ref> <ref>PMID:16415872</ref> <ref>PMID:17932028</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays an essential role in B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling as well as the downstream signaling pathway for Fc receptors (FcRs). Targeting BTK for B-cell malignancies by interfering with BCR signaling has been clinically validated by some covalent inhibitors, but suboptimal kinase selectivity may lead to some adverse effects, which also makes the clinical development of autoimmune disease therapy more challenging. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) starting from zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) leads to a series of highly selective BTK inhibitors, in which BGB-8035 is located in the ATP binding pocket and has similar hinge binding to ATP but exhibits high selectivity over other kinases (EGFR, Tec, etc.). With an excellent pharmacokinetic profile as well as demonstrated efficacy studies in oncology and autoimmune disease models, BGB-8035 has been declared a preclinical candidate. However, BGB-8035 showed an inferior toxicity profile compared to that of BGB-3111.

Discovery of BGB-8035, a Highly Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase for B-Cell Malignancies and Autoimmune Diseases.,Guo Y, Hu N, Liu Y, Zhang W, Yu D, Shi G, Zhang B, Yin L, Wei M, Yuan X, Luo L, Wang F, Song X, Xin L, Wei Q, Li Y, Guo Y, Chen S, Zhang T, Zhang S, Zhou X, Zhang C, Su D, Liu J, Cheng Z, Zhang J, Xing H, Sun H, Li X, Zhao Y, He M, Wu Y, Guo Y, Sun X, Tian A, Zhou C, Young S, Liu X, Wang L, Wang Z J Med Chem. 2023 Mar 23;66(6):4025-4044. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01938. Epub , 2023 Mar 13. PMID:36912866<ref>PMID:36912866</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7yc9" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Zhou X]]