View source for 7zmz


==Engineered Interleukin 2 bound to CD25 receptor==
<StructureSection load='7zmz' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7zmz]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7zmz]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7ZMZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7ZMZ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7zmz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7zmz OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7zmz PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7zmz RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7zmz PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7zmz ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IL2_HUMAN IL2_HUMAN] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving IL2 is found in a form of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Translocation t(4;16)(q26;p13) with involves TNFRSF17.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IL2_HUMAN IL2_HUMAN] Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells.
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Cytokines interact with their receptors in the extracellular space to control immune responses. How the physicochemical properties of the extracellular space influence cytokine signaling is incompletely elucidated. Here, we show that the activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a cytokine critical to T cell immunity, is profoundly affected by pH, limiting IL-2 signaling within the acidic environment of tumors. Generation of lactic acid by tumors limits STAT5 activation, effector differentiation, and antitumor immunity by CD8(+) T cells and renders high-dose IL-2 therapy poorly effective. Directed evolution enabled selection of a pH-selective IL-2 mutein (Switch-2). Switch-2 binds the IL-2 receptor subunit IL-2Ralpha with higher affinity, triggers STAT5 activation, and drives CD8(+) T cell effector function more potently at acidic pH than at neutral pH. Consequently, high-dose Switch-2 therapy induces potent immune activation and tumor rejection with reduced on-target toxicity in normal tissues. Last, we show that sensitivity to pH is a generalizable property of a diverse range of cytokines with broad relevance to immunity and immunotherapy in healthy and diseased tissues.

IL-2 is inactivated by the acidic pH environment of tumors enabling engineering of a pH-selective mutein.,Gaggero S, Martinez-Fabregas J, Cozzani A, Fyfe PK, Leprohon M, Yang J, Thomasen FE, Winkelmann H, Magnez R, Conti AG, Wilmes S, Pohler E, van Gijsel Bonnello M, Thuru X, Quesnel B, Soncin F, Piehler J, Lindorff-Larsen K, Roychoudhuri R, Moraga I, Mitra S Sci Immunol. 2022 Dec 9;7(78):eade5686. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade5686. Epub , 2022 Dec 2. PMID:36459543<ref>PMID:36459543</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7zmz" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Interleukin 3D structures|Interleukin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Fyfe PK]]
[[Category: Gaggero S]]
[[Category: Mitra S]]
[[Category: Moraga I]]