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==Crystal structure of PPARG and NCOR2 with BAY-4931, an inverse agonist (compound 6c)==
<StructureSection load='8aqn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8aqn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8aqn]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8AQN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8AQN FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.9&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=O0U:2-chloranyl-~{N}-[2-(4-ethylphenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl]-5-nitro-benzamide'>O0U</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8aqn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8aqn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8aqn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8aqn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8aqn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8aqn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer.  Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601665 601665]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.<ref>PMID:9753710</ref>   Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604367 604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.<ref>PMID:12453919</ref> <ref>PMID:11788685</ref>   Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/137800 137800]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.<ref>PMID:9065481</ref> <ref>PMID:16150867</ref> <ref>PMID:20829347</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The ligand-activated nuclear receptor peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG or PPARgamma) represents a potential target for a new generation of cancer therapeutics, especially in muscle-invasive luminal bladder cancer where PPARgamma is a critical lineage driver. Here we disclose the discovery of a series of chloro-nitro-arene covalent inverse-agonists of PPARgamma that exploit a benzoxazole core to improve interactions with corepressors NCOR1 and NCOR2. In vitro treatment of sensitive cell lines with these compounds results in the robust regulation of PPARgamma target genes and antiproliferative effects. Despite their imperfect physicochemical properties, the compounds showed modest pharmacodynamic target regulation in vivo. Improvements to the in vitro potency and efficacy of BAY-4931 and BAY-0069 compared to those of previously described PPARgamma inverse-agonists show that these compounds are novel tools for probing the in vitro biology of PPARgamma inverse-agonism.

Discovery and Structure-Based Design of Potent Covalent PPARgamma Inverse-Agonists BAY-4931 and BAY-0069.,Orsi DL, Pook E, Brauer N, Friberg A, Lienau P, Lemke CT, Stellfeld T, Bruggemeier U, Putter V, Meyer H, Baco M, Tang S, Cherniack AD, Westlake L, Bender SA, Kocak M, Strathdee CA, Meyerson M, Eis K, Goldstein JT J Med Chem. 2022 Nov 10;65(21):14843-14863. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01379. , Epub 2022 Oct 21. PMID:36270630<ref>PMID:36270630</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8aqn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Braeuer N]]
[[Category: Friberg A]]
[[Category: Goldstein J]]
[[Category: Lemke CT]]
[[Category: Orsi DL]]
[[Category: Pook E]]
[[Category: Puetter V]]
[[Category: Stellfeld T]]