View source for 8d71


==Human Ago2 bound to miR122(21nt)==
<StructureSection load='8d71' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8d71]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8d71]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8D71 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8D71 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.5&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8d71 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8d71 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8d71 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8d71 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8d71 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8d71 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AGO2_HUMAN AGO2_HUMAN] Required for RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi) by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The 'minimal RISC' appears to include EIF2C2/AGO2 bound to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or short interfering RNA (siRNA). These guide RNAs direct RISC to complementary mRNAs that are targets for RISC-mediated gene silencing. The precise mechanism of gene silencing depends on the degree of complementarity between the miRNA or siRNA and its target. Binding of RISC to a perfectly complementary mRNA generally results in silencing due to endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA specifically by EIF2C2/AGO2. Binding of RISC to a partially complementary mRNA results in silencing through inhibition of translation, and this is independent of endonuclease activity. May inhibit translation initiation by binding to the 7-methylguanosine cap, thereby preventing the recruitment of the translation initiation factor eIF4-E. May also inhibit translation initiation via interaction with EIF6, which itself binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The inhibition of translational initiation leads to the accumulation of the affected mRNA in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies), where mRNA degradation may subsequently occur. In some cases RISC-mediated translational repression is also observed for miRNAs that perfectly match the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). Can also up-regulate the translation of specific mRNAs under certain growth conditions. Binds to the AU element of the 3'-UTR of the TNF (TNF-alpha) mRNA and up-regulates translation under conditions of serum starvation. Also required for transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), in which short RNAs known as antigene RNAs or agRNAs direct the transcriptional repression of complementary promoter regions.<ref>PMID:15105377</ref> <ref>PMID:15260970</ref> <ref>PMID:15337849</ref> <ref>PMID:15284456</ref> <ref>PMID:16271387</ref> <ref>PMID:16289642</ref> <ref>PMID:16142218</ref> <ref>PMID:16357216</ref> <ref>PMID:15800637</ref> <ref>PMID:16081698</ref> <ref>PMID:16936728</ref> <ref>PMID:16756390</ref> <ref>PMID:17382880</ref> <ref>PMID:17524464</ref> <ref>PMID:17932509</ref> <ref>PMID:17531811</ref> <ref>PMID:17507929</ref> <ref>PMID:18048652</ref> <ref>PMID:18771919</ref> <ref>PMID:18690212</ref> <ref>PMID:18178619</ref> <ref>PMID:19167051</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Argonaute (AGO) proteins use microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as guides to regulate gene expression in plants and animals. AGOs that use miRNAs in bilaterian animals recognize short (6-8 nt.) elements complementary to the miRNA seed region, enabling each miRNA to interact with hundreds of otherwise unrelated targets. By contrast, AGOs that use miRNAs in plants employ longer (&gt; 13 nt.) recognition elements such that each miRNA silences a small number of physiologically related targets. Here, we show that this major functional distinction depends on a minor structural difference between plant and animal AGO proteins: a 9-amino acid loop in the PIWI domain. Swapping the PIWI loop from human Argonaute2 (HsAGO2) into Arabidopsis Argonaute10 (AtAGO10) increases seed strength, resulting in animal-like miRNA targeting. Conversely, swapping the plant PIWI loop into HsAGO2 reduces seed strength and accelerates the turnover of cleaved targets. The loop-swapped HsAGO2 silences targets more potently, with reduced miRNA-like targeting, than wild-type HsAGO2 in mammalian cells. Thus, tiny structural differences can tune the targeting properties of AGO proteins for distinct biological roles.

A tiny loop in the Argonaute PIWI domain tunes small RNA seed strength.,Xiao Y, Liu TM, MacRae IJ EMBO Rep. 2023 Apr 21:e55806. doi: 10.15252/embr.202255806. PMID:37082939<ref>PMID:37082939</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8d71" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: MacRae I]]
[[Category: Xiao Y]]